翻译的标准 The criteria(standard)of translation
信达雅 Fidelity(faithfulness) Fluency(expressiveness) Elegance(flair)
透彻的理解 have a thorough understanding
准确的表达 precise(accurate) expression
意译 free (liberal) translation
直译 literal translation
死译 word-for-word translation
活译 dynamic equivalence translation
重译 repetition
增译 (contextual) amplification
减译 omission
词类转移 conversion
词序调整 inversion
分译 division
正说反译/反说正译 negation
语态变换 the change of the voice
归化/异化 Foreignizing/ Alienation; Domesticating/ Adaptation
对等 equivalence
形式对等 formal correspondence
动态（灵活）对等 dynamic equivalence
意义对等 equivalence in terms of meaning
风格对等 equivalence in terms of style
意合 Parataxis
形合 Hypotaxis
欠额翻译（过载翻译）under translation (overloaded translation)
校核 rectification
释义 paraphrase
翻译学 translatology
翻译科学 science of translating
神似 be alike in spirit (be an excellent likeness)
化镜 sublimity (perfection)
已入化境 reach(attain) perfection
和谐 harmonious
和谐一致 in perfect harmony
不仅形似而且神似 be alike not only in appearance(form) but also in spirit
宁信而不雅 It is better to be faithful than to be elegant
宁顺而不信，宁信而不顺
It is better to have a smooth version than a faithful one
Rather be faithful (in thought) than smooth (in language)
保持原文的丰姿 keep the full flavor of the original work
忠实通顺 Faithful(ness) and smooth(ness) (clear and coherent)
忠实的译文 translation true to the original
忠实于原文 true(faithful) to the original
句子不通 the sentence doesn’t read smoothly
他的翻译通顺易懂 his interpretation is coherent and intelligible
（泰特勒Tytler提出的）翻译三原则：
1， 译文应完整地再现原文的思想内容
That the translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work
2， 译文的风格，笔调应与原文的性质相同
That the style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original
3， 译文应象原文一样自然流畅
That the translation should have all the ease of the original composition
Generally speaking, a qualified translator should have
1. a good command of the source language
2. a good command of the target language
3. a wide range and scope of knowledge
4. a high political consciousness
5. a necessary knowledge of basic techniques (skills) used in translation
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