提高阅读速度的训练
1. 阅速速度概述
提高阅读能力很重要的一个方面是提高阅读速度。阅读速度通常被称为阅读能力中的第一要素,它是反映语言能力和衡量阅读水平的重要标志。
中学教学大纲中明确规定了对高中学生阅读速度的要求,高三年级的学生应能以每分钟50~60个词的速度,阅读生词量不超过3%的有关人物传记、寓言故事、活动记述、社会文化、文史知识、科普小品等内容的材料,理解正确率达到70%。
要达到大纲要求,我们就必须努力训练以提高自身的阅读速度。要提高阅读速度首先要清楚影响提高阅读速度的因素。
2. 提高阅读速度的因素
提高阅读速度的因素很多,总的说来,其中既有心理因素也有技巧问题。下面我们从提高阅读心理运动技能和克服不良阅读习惯两个方面谈一谈这个问题。
2.1 提高阅读心理运动技能
心理运动技能是一个意义广泛的概念。阅读中的心理运动技能特指与心理过程相关的眼肌运动,即眼睛的运动方式。
2.1.1 注重眼睛与大脑的协调作用
阅读是人脑的活动,是有其自身规律的。如果人眼睛的运动方式能与人脑的活动方式协调起来,就能更好地发挥人脑的作用,从而提高阅读效率。
通过对阅读过程中眼睛运动的观察与研究,人们发现阅读时人的视线并不是顺着字行一步步移动,而是跳跃式(jerks)前进。眼睛在跳跃或移动时,看不清书页上的任何单词,只有当其停顿时才能看清楚。因此,停顿(pause)在阅读过程中是至关重要的。
一般说来,阅读速度的快慢是由眼睛停顿的次数和停顿时所看到的词数决定的。眼球在书页上停顿的次数少,每次停顿时看到的词数多,同时大脑对所看到的词能够做出积极而有意义的反应,阅读速度就快;反之,眼球在书页上停顿的次数多,每次停顿时看到的词数少,同时大脑对所看到的词不能够做出积极的反映,阅读速度就慢。
现代科学研究表明眼睛与大脑的协调可以达到很可观的阅读速度。美国耶鲁大学的科学家早在七十年代便发现'正常人每秒眼停约四次,每次眼停可接受三个词,相当于15个字母的信息。'如此算来,人的阅读速度竟然可以达到720w.p.m.。据报导,使用美国哈佛大学创造的'超级全脑速读与记忆法',目前中文的阅读速度竟可以达到2000w.p.m.。
如何才能作到大脑与眼睛运动的协调呢?大脑是按照意义单位工作的。眼睛的运动方式应该努力去适应大脑的这一工作特点,换句话说,眼睛只有向大脑传递完整的有意义的信号时,也就是阅读有意义而不是孤立的词或者字母时,眼睛的运动才能与大脑的活动特点相适应,也只有这时眼与脑的活动方式才能协调起来,从而提高阅读的速度。
2.1. 2 注视点与识别幅
谈到阅读中心理运动的技能,我们就必须谈谈具体的训练眼睛运动的内容--掌握注视点,扩大识别幅技能,这是充分发挥眼与脑协调作用至关重要的一个方面。
注视点(eye focus)是眼停瞬间眼睛实际注视的目标。在正常观看静止物体(印刷文字)时,眼睛交替地进行跳动和注视两种运动。跳动时,眼睛在扫视;注视时,眼睛则瞄准到视野中的一个固定焦点,接受视觉信息。眼睛的扫视运动是短暂的,而注视(眼停)时间较长。既然眼停时间长,那么阅读时视线应集中在什么位置?下面我们来看看注视点的问题。
在读answer this question这三个词时,一目一词的读者先把注视点集中于第一个词answer上,然后集中于this,最后才是question。这种阅读方式不仅影响阅读速度而且影响阅读理解。每一个词在大脑中闪现一遍,阅读难以形成完整的概念。这类读者其实是在通过一个个的字母形状的辨认来读词的。
一目两词的读者把视线集中在answer this上,大脑同样得不到完整的概念。其实这些读者还是在逐词阅读,只不过是从通过辨认字母形状阅读词的阶段过渡到了直接识别词的阶段。要提高阅读速度就必须努力改掉一目一词的习惯,逐步养成一组词视读(phrasal reading)的习惯。所谓一组词视读,是按照意义单位或意群(sense group)将句中的词自然分开,一组组扫描,用目光捕捉词组的信息。
如刚才那个词组,只需把注视点集中在this上,两眼同时吸收其左右两边的answer和question,这样大脑里便闪现出完整的,有意义的词汇单位,从而摆脱了对字母和孤立单词的依赖,真正进入积极而有意义的阅读状态。
眼睛注视焦点词的同时所能吸收左右两边词的范围叫做识别幅(recognition span)。每次注视到的焦点词两边的词越多,识别幅越大,阅读速度越快。因此我们应加强对注视点和识别幅技能的训练。
平时我们可以运用将句子划分成意义单位(意群)的方式来进行扩大视幅,一组词视读的训练,以完成迅速而准确地捕捉信息的过程。以下列句子为例:
1.
My brother
takes care of
the vegetable garden. (SB1, L2)
2.
He
then
filled a cup with
some of the petrol, some of the castor oil
and some of the vinegar. (SB1, 1.6)
3.
The population
in and around San Francisco
is now ten times
more than it was in 1906. (SB1, L27)
4.
But he had many enemies-
slaver owners in the south
and rich people in a big city
who had grown rich
on the work of the slaves. (SB1, L50)
5.
Before the days of television,
they used to be shown
all over the country
before the main film was shown. (SB2, L2)
6.
In some Asian countries,
you must not
touch the head
of another person. (SB2, L10)
7.
Even his way of
walking down the street
and turning the corner
could be recognized
as his own. (SB2, L18)
8.
Old stamps
that have not been used
are usually more expensive
than used stamps. (SB2, 1.9-3)
9.
In 1756
the Seven Years War
between Britain and France
broke out
and Cook joined the navy. (SB3, L6)
10.
The captain
stood at the edge of the ship
once it was safely tied up
to the wall of the port
and received the thanks
of the passengers
as they hurried off the ship. (SB3, L31)
2.1.3 眼睛自左向右运动
眼睛自左向右运动也是阅读心理运动技能的--个方面,是眼与脑协调作用的重要表现。这里所说的其实是眼睛自左向右的扫视运动,是快速阅读的主要技能。后面我们介绍的两种阅读技巧(skimming,scanning)运用的都是这种技能。
掌握阅读心理运动技能其实也就是科学地解决眼睛与大脑的协调问题。掌握这些心理运动技能必定会促进阅读速度与水平的整体提高。
2.2 克服不良阅读习惯
在快速阅读的过程中,应注意克服一些不良阅读习惯,以促进阅读速度的有效提高。常见的不良阅读习惯有:指读、声读和回视。
指读是同学们在快速阅读中最常见的毛病。为了在阅渎时能够集中注意力,他们常常用手指、铅笔、尺子等指着一个个的字或者放在这些字的下面阅读。这种单纯的机械运动不仅减慢阅读速度,而且还会把读者的注意力引向错误的地方。阅读时注意力集中的对象应该是作者阐明的思想内容,而不是每个字的位置,因此在阅读中一定要克服这个毛病。
声读一般有三种形式:出声读、默读和心读。
出声读指在阅读过程中念出每个词的声音,可能声音很轻,近似喃喃自语。默读则是并未发出声音,但是发声器官如嘴唇、舌头;喉咙和声带可能处于紧张的工作状态。心读指发声器官,如嘴唇、舌头等并不活动,但心里却一直在自言自语。这种毛病克服起来比较困难。
事实证明阅读速度缓慢一般都是因为读者采用了某种声读的方式,所以要提高阅读速度就必须自觉地克服这种习惯。首先在阅读中读者应该以弄清作者所传达的思想为阅读目的,积极地思考材料的内容,思想活跃才能达到有效阅读。我们可以通过与作者对话的方式与其交流思想:'这是什么意思?','我不同意这个观点。','这一部分与所谈的内容无关。'不要鹦鹉学舌般地被动重复作者的话。另外,阅读时应努力提高阅读速度,牢记自己练习的目的之一是提高阅读速度。如果能主动地控制自己既能准确理解内容又能加快速度,也就无暇声读了。
回视,也叫返读或复视。一般来说,我们在阅读时,对于已读过的内容感到拿不准就会有再度倒回来阅读的现象。这种现象是不可避免的。但是如果我们在阅读中多次返回重读, 既会影响速度,也会影响理解。这种习惯多是由于缺乏信心,担心遗漏信息所导致。因此克服这一不良习惯的途径首先是应该选择难易程度合适的阅读材料,另外要知道对一篇阅读材料的理解不可能达到百分之百,尽善尽美。
2.3 掌握有关阅读技巧
阅读技巧对于提高阅读速度和阅读理解能力很有帮助。这里介绍针对不同的阅读材料和阅读目的采用的两种不同阅读技巧:略读法和查读法。
2.3.1 略读法(skimming),跳读(skipping and reading)或浏览(glancing)
这是一种十分常用的快速阅读技巧。大家都知道我们在阅读某些材料时必须逐字推敲和品味,如一首诗歌,阅读时我们通常把阅读理解放在第一位,对于阅读速度的要求则放在了次要位置。而当我们阅读一篇材料,如报纸、杂志、论文等,仅仅想了解它的大概意思时,则需要以尽可能快的速度进行阅读,就如同从飞机上鸟瞰地面的明显标志一样,迅速获取文章的主要或中心意思(main idea)。
略读法作为一种有效的快速阅读方法,一般有以下特点:
1:以极快的速度阅读大量的材料,寻找字面上和事实上的主要信息。
2.只要能抓住大意,可以跳过某一部分或某些部分不读。
3.可以有意不求甚解。在正常阅读中,理解率应达到70%一80%,而在这里,理解达到50%左右即可。
4.可以根据文章难易程度和不同的阅读目的,灵活调整阅读速度。
在略读文章大意的过程中,我们可以运用一些技巧来达到最快的阅读速度。
1.利用印刷信息(topographical information),如书名或一篇文章的标题、副标题、小标题、斜体字、黑体字、表格、插图、脚注、标点等对阅读材料的基本结构进行总体性预测略读,了解作者思路、文章展开方式及细节间的相互关系;
2.以一般阅读速度阅读材料的第一,二段,一般文章的主旨会在这里得到概要性的介绍。通过这两段的阅读,还可以多少体会到作者的风格和语气。
3.注意阅读每段的主题句(topic sentence)和结论句(conclusion sentence),以抓住段落大意,其他细节可以略去不读。
4.读到最后一两段,速度应再慢下来,在这里可能有作者对全文主要观点的总结。
具体的略读训练可分为两个阶段:
1.略读段落中心思想(skimming paragraphs for main idea)
例1:
Abraham Lincoln, the son of a poor family, was born in Kentucky, USA, on February 12th, 1809. As a child he used to work hard and help his father on the small farm where they lived. His mother, who loved him very much, died in 1818. Happily for him, his father's second wife was kind to him tm. When she saw that Abraham liked reading, she did all she could to help him. But the family was so poor that the boy could not get many books. He spent very little time at school, perhaps no more than a year in all. (SB1, L50)
The paragraph is about Abraham Lincoln's
a. poor family
b. early education
c. childhood
通过对上面一段的略读,而非逐字逐句的阅读,不难发现它讲的是林肯童年的故事。因此该题的正确答案为c.childhood。
例2:
In their personal lives people will also use computers more and more. Instead of going to the bank, they will use a computer and a telephone to change money and to pay their electricity bills and so on. Houses will be controlled by a central computer. Lights will go off if no one is in the room. The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people. You will be aim able to telephone home half an hour before returning and, by speaking into the telephone, you will be able to tell the computer to turn on the heating and the hot water. The computer will recognize your voice and carry out the instructions. (SB2, L66)
The main idea of the paragraph is that
a. computers will be used more and more in our houses
b. computers will be used more and more in our personal lives
c. computers will be used to recognize human voice
该段的中心意思是人们在个人日常生活中将越来越多地使用计算机。段中第一句便是主题句。三个选择虽然根据课文判断都是正确的陈述,但只有b是中心意思。其他两个选择或表达不准确,或表达不完整。
例3:
European countries are now making an active effort to reuse materials more than they used to. This is called recycling. Materials such as paper, glass or metal are collected, sorted, treated and used again. Old newspapers are recycled. The ink is taken out by a special technique, and new paper is made. Oil from factories and motor oil can be treated and reused. In many cities in Europe rubbish is collected separately. Empty glass bottles are collected, and the glass is broken and reused for making new bottles. (SB3, L23)
The paragraph is about ________ materials.
a. used b. reusing c. making used
通过对文中第一句主题句的阅读便可以判断出整段的中心意思--对废旧物品的再利用。该题的正确选择为b.reusing。
2.略读文章的中心意思(skimming passage for main idea)
例 1:
At present about 38 % of the Chinese population smoke. 89 % of smokers are male. Every year, millions of smokers die because of illnesses which are caused by smoking tobacco.
The Chinese government receives a lot of money from sales of tobacco; in 1989 it received about 24 billion 7uan. But in the same year, cigarette smoking cost the government even more money, about 28 billion yuan. Smokers cost the government a lot of money for two reasons.
First, money is spent looking after people with illnesses which have been caused by smoking. Second, many fires are caused by smokers. People who smoke in bed often fall asleep while they are sleeping. The bedclothes catch fire and the whole house may be burnt down.
China produces one third of the world's cigarettes. Each day, about 220 million packets of cigarettes are smoked by Chinese. This is good news for the tobacco companies, but bad news for the health of the nation. Every year, tobacco companies must persuade new people to start smoking cigarettes. This is because each year millions of smokers die from the habit.
In Britain, which has a population of only 58 million people, 110,000 people die from smoking each year. The chance is that one smoker in four will die from smoking.
In Britain, sales of cigarettes have been reduced by 30 % in the last ten years. Just under a third of the population now smokes, about 17 million people. In the 16--19 age group, 32% of women smoke and compared to 28% of men. However, in the 20--24 age group, 39% of women smoke and 38 % of men. The problem is that 300 people are dying each day from illnesses caused by smoking. Therefore, if the tobacco companies want to remain in business, they have to encourage more young people to start smoking. (SB2, L6)
The main idea of this passage is that
a. every year smokers cost the government a lot of money
b. smoking may cause illnesses and cause people to die
c. the government receives a lot of money from sales of tobacco
d. less people in Britain than in China smoke
在上面这篇文章中,作者主要谈到的是吸烟的危害--既会致病也会致命。仔细阅读第一自然段后便能得出结论,因而应该选择b。其他的选项虽然正确,但都只是课文中的具体细节(specific details),而非中心意思。
例2:
Gymnastics
The words 'gymnastics' and 'gym' come from the Greek language, for it was in Greece that Olympic competitions started. There are also records of gymnastics being performed in China and some other Asian countries. Modern gymnastics began in the nineteenth century. In 1811 an outdoor gymnastics centre for men was opened in Berlin where they could do body-building and exercises on a high bar and other pieces of equipment. At the same time, gymnastics, without equipment, was developed in Sweden as a keep-fit programme for schools.
Dance is an important part of training as it prepares you for the types of movements required in gymnastics. One of the aims is to make the body stronger for jumps and turns for movements of balance. It also helps your body bend forwards, backwards and sideways, and improves the way you hold your body. In competitions women perform some of their exercises to music, so dance, gymnastics and music are all connected.
To become a top gymnast, it is important to start when young. In fact, most gymnasts start with simple exercises while they are still at kindergarten. Girls are already performing in the competitions by the age of ten, and Olympic medals are often won by fourteen-or fifteen-year-old girls.
Boys develop physically later than girls and so Olympic gymnastics medals are usually won by men between nineteen and twenty-five. Some pieces of equipment, for example the rings, require great physical strength and boys need to develop their bodies fully before attempting such difficult exercises.
In competitions, gymnasts have to perform on different pieces of equipment. All gymnasts perform on the floor and jump over a 'horse' with four legs. Gymnasts have to show that they can move neatly and easily, hold a position steady, keep their balance while doing a handstand, and jump both forwards and backwards.
Only men perform on the rings, on the double bars, on the high bar, and on a type of 'horse' with four legs which has two handles fixed to the top surface. Only women perform on the high-and-low bars, one of which is higher than the other, and the 'beam', which is a length of wood only four inches wide which is fixed at a height of 1.20 metres above the ground. Both men and women do floor exercises on the mat.
There are a few simple safety measures to follow while training.
1. It is important always to work with a trainer. Training by yourself in a gym can be highly dangerous.
2. Make sure you take off any watches, rings or necklaces before you start.
3. Wear tight clothing with collars or belts so that it doesn't catch on any of the equipment.
4. Look after your health and do not practise if you are unwell or have any injury.
(SB3, L34)
The topic of the passage is
a. how to become a top gymnast
b. general introduction of gymnastics
c. the history of gym and the training of the gymnasts
这篇文章讲的是有关体操的一些情况:体操发展的历史;练习舞蹈和早期训练对体操训练的作用;男女发育,训练和项目的差异以及训练中的注意事项等。总的来说,它的主题为b.general introductions of gymnastics。
2.3.2 跳读或查阅法(scanning)
这是一种快速寻找特殊信息的阅读方法。如查阅字典里的一个单词,电话号码本里的一个人名和号码,电视报上某一时间段的节目内容,参考书中的某个事实或数据等等。这时我们的目的很明确,因而不需要真正逐字逐句阅读。读者在搜寻某个特定的信息时,应把要求回答的问题牢记在心,根据问题以及选择项,积极而有目的地判断与猜测要查找的信息如时间、地点、人物等可能隐藏在那里。查读的目的很明确,一旦找到了所需要的信息,查读就可以结束了。查读时应注意首先浏览问题及其选择项,这样既能够掌握大概内容,也可以带着问题目的明确地去阅读,因而能够节约很多时间和精力。
例1:
Food around the world
When Christopher Columbus and his friends reached America in 1492, they discovered the plant 'corn' there. At least 450 years ago corn was brought to China. By 1555 it had already become important here, corn is a useful plant that can be eaten by both people and animals.
In the 17th century corn was grown a lot in Tibet and Sichuan. At that time the land along the Changjiang River was becoming very crowded; there was not enough room for the population. Farmers had to move into the hills, but they couldn't grow rice there. They needed a plant which didn't need as much water as rice. Luckily they were able to grow this new com.
Today, corn is found all over the world. It is a very useful plant that can be prepared in many different ways. People in the West often boil it and eat it with salt and butter. Sometimes they cook it whole over an open fire. In many parts of the world corn is made into powder. The powder is then mixed with water and other things, and made into different kinds of food.
Corn was not the only food that was taken to Europe. In 1519 another traveller who went to America from Europe discovered the tomato. Tomatoes were first taken back to Europe and they soon reached other parts of the world. When they arrived in England they were called 'love apples'. In the beginning, people who brought them often got angry. They thought that they were buying apples.
A number of other plants were found in America, for example, beans, potatoes and different fruits. The potato is another plant that was taken back by early travellers. It is a very useful plant; it can be grown in places where it is too cold to grow rice.
Early European travellers to China took back to their own countries the seeds of fruit trees that they bad not seen before. Today, fruit trees which once grow only in China can now be found in many parts of the world. And the fresh fruit from these trees is shipped from one country to another. Today, new foods are travelling faster than ever before. (SB1, L30)
1. An European traveller who went to America discovered tomato in
a. 1492 b. the 17th century
c. 1519 d. 1555
2. Who often boil the corn and eat it with salt and butter?
a. People in the West b. American people
c. European travellers d. Christopher Columbus
3. What was called 'love apples' by the Europeans?
a. Fruits b. Potatoes
c. Tomatoes d. The new com
在做上述阅读理解问题时,可以先将每个题目的选择项内容大致浏览一遍。这样便对课文的大概内容有所了解,知道这篇课文的内容是有关食品的,并且与历史有关。浏览时还要记下要查找的内容,如年份、人物、事物等,然后快速扫视全文,特别注意有关信息。第一题问的是时间,所以应对时间和与之有关的事件特别注意,它的正确答案为c;第二题提问的是人物,因而要注意人物,它的正确答案是a;第三题问的是什么被称为'爱果',答案为c.
例2:
Feed the World
Agriculture first started about 10, 000 years ago when people began to grow crops in the river valleys of the Nile in Egypt, in the Middle East and in India. Today farming employs more people than any other type of work. It is thought that one billion people, that is half of the world's workers, earn their living by farming. The problem is how to feed a growing world population of 5.7 billion. For one thing, two thirds of the earth surface is water, although this does provide a lot of food in the form of fish. Only about 11% of the earth's land surface is suitable for growing crops. And this area is becoming smaller day by day. In China there is only 7% of the land used for growing crops, which feed more than one fourth of the world population. That is why the Chinese people are making great efforts to protect their farmland and increase agricultural production.
Farmland is being lost for several reasons. First, it is being built on. Second, when wind and rain have removed a lot of the soil, no more crops can be grown on this land. Third, a lot of irrigated land has become too salty to grow plants. Also, it is well known that pests continue to eat crops, causing damage. The FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) has worked out that up to 30 % of food is lost in storage. Food stores are frequently mined by rain or damp, or eaten by mice.
In a word, hunger is a big problem in the world today. No one is sure how many people are hungry, but it is thought that 500 million people in the world do not have enough to eat, that is about one in ten. Every year about 40 million people starve to death.
Various things can be done to increase the food supply in the World. The area of farmland can be increased by irrigation. Take the Aswan Dam in Egypt for example, where desert land can be used for growing crops. The same has happened in the west of the USA, particularly for the growing of fruit. Farmers can increase their corn crops three times simply by watering their fields. In Europe, Holland continues to increase its area of farmland by pumping water from low-lying areas.
Scientists continue to develop new types of plants which produce heavier crops. They are also developing new types of plants that can be grown in poor soil or even sand, and that are less likely to be attacked by pests and diseases. (SB3, L14)
1. About ______ of the earth's land surface is suitable for growing crops.
a. 7% b. 11%
c. 30% d. two thirds
2. In China there is only _________ of the land used for growing crops.
a. two thirds b. 7%
c. 11% d. 30%
3. Farmland is being lost for the following reasons except ______
a. people build houses on it
b. a lot of irrigated land has become too salty to grow plants
c. people don't know how to use it so they sell it
d. pests damage it by eating crops
4. Hunger is a very big problem in the world. About ________ people in the world don't have enough to eat.
a. 1 billion b. 5.7 billion
c. 500 million d. 40 million
5. The author gave us some examples of increasing the area of farmland by
a. developing new plants which produce heavier crop
b. developing plants that can be grown in poor soils
c. irrigating it
d. protecting it
这篇课文讲的是世界耕地面积正在不断缩小,并列举了一些水土流失的原因,警告人们世界正因此面临着饥饿问题。在做阅读理解问题前应先浏览一下题目类型,五个题目中有三个与数字有关,所以在课文中寻找信息时应特别注意这一点。另外两个问题一个是问水土流失的原因,另一个问的则是增加土地面积的途径,对题目有了大致了解后再查阅便有的放矢了。上述五个题目的答案为:1.b 2.b 3.c 4.c 5.c。
3 提高英语阅读速度的相关因素
除了上面提到的心理因素和阅读技巧,还有一些其他因素也会影响阅读速度的提高。
1.进行计时阅读和限时阅读练习:提高阅读速度和理解正确率的主要途径之一是计时阅读和限时阅读练习。在平时训练中有意识地计算自己的阅读速度,你会发现由于克服了不良阅读习惯,掌握了阅读技巧,自己的阅读速度在不断提高,因而增强学习的信心和兴趣。
2.广泛阅读,扩大词汇量,掌握足够的背景知识:外语学习者必须尽可能多接触所学语言,获得足够的感性知识才能真正掌握这门语言。阅读也是这个道理。许多学生抱怨自己的词汇量太小,许多读物都看不懂。这就要求我们平时抓紧时间接触语言,即广泛阅读。读的题材和体裁要全面,其中应包括一些文学作品的简写本。它们能为我们提供许多接触词汇和正宗英语的机会,大量的阅读无疑会积累并扩大词汇量。这样,我们便可以在实践中学习和丰富语言知识。当然一开始选择材料不能太难,以免挫伤了学习热情。
另外,足够的背景知识对于英语学习者也是必不可少的。如果你对英语国家的生活习俗、风土人情、历史、政治、文化等方面的情况全无了解,阅读速度提高起来就会比较困难。英国19世纪着名批判现实主义作家狄更斯的小说,本本都带有时代的烙印。如果我们对这位作家以及当时的时代背景缺乏了解,阅读中会遇到许多障碍,阅读速度也会受到影响。因此,我们应尽量通过各种途径多了解一些英语国家的背景知识,以提高阅读理解和速度以及整体英语水平。
3.提高阅读理解能力:一般来说,阅读速度和理解正确率是缺一不可、相互制约的。理解正确率虽然高,如果读速慢,则效率很低;反之阅读速度虽快,如果理解正确率过低,效率仍然很差。如果在阅读中能够理解语篇的整体意思并掌握部分细节,即把阅读理解正确率保持在70%左右的前提下,尽量提高阅读速度,才能获得阅读速度最快,理解效率最佳的阅读效果。
4.学好基础知识,提高整体语言水平:阅读作为一种最基本的语言技能不是孤立的,它与其他技能,如听说、写作都有密不可分的关系。阅读能力是指阅读者掌握所读材料意思的能力,包括对词汇、句子、段落、篇章等的理解能力。因此一个人的整体语言水平,如词汇、语法、甚至听说等方面的知识都会对阅读能力造成影响。我们要认真学习和掌握各类语言知识,提高整体英语水平,以有效地提高自身的阅读速度与能力。 (完)
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