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一、时间状语从句
时间状语从句常用的连词when,whenever, will, as, before, after, until, till, by the time, as soon as, hardly…when, nosooner… than, the moment, immediately, directly, instantly
As he walked along the lake, he sang happily
After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.
It was raining hard when I got to school yesterday.
比较while, when, as
1）as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。Justas / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.
2）当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when引导这个从句，不可用as 或 while。
When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
3）从句表示"随时间推移"连词能用as，不用when 或while。
As the day went on, the weather got worse.
日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏
4）When: 表示时间点，还可以表原因，译作“既然”。还可以翻译成"突然"
5）While: 表示时间段，还可以用来表示对比 翻译成“而”。While放在句首要翻译成“尽管”引导让步状语从句。
时间状语从句：the moment
有一些表示时间的名词短语也可用来引导时间状语从句the minute, the moment, every time, the first time
The moment he reached the country, he started his search.
他一到达这个国家，就开始他的探寻工作。
Every time I saw the straw hat, it reminded me of the tour I made years before.
每当我看到那顶草帽，它就使我想起几年前的那次旅游
I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her.
我第一次见到她就觉得她诚实而友善。
时间状语从句：directly等
有一些表示时间的副词也可用来引导时间状语从句：
Directly the master came in,everyone was quiet.
校长一进来，大家就安静下来。
The young lady rushed into the room immediately she heard the noise.
那位年轻女士一听到响声就冲进房间。
until 和not …until的区别
Until 要与延续性动词连用；not…until 要与非延续性动词连用 1. Until句子翻译成动作直到…时候才结束。
2.Not…until句子要翻译成动作直到…时候才开始。
I slept until 12 o’clock. 我睡觉睡到12点。
We didn’t get down to working until Ms Zhang came in.
我们直到张老师进来才开始认真的工作。
表示"一…就…"的结构
hardly/scarcely…when/before, no sooner…than 和as soon as 例：I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.
I had no sooner got home than it began torain.
As soon as I got home, it beganto rain.
注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构：
Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.
二、地点状语 地点状语从句常常由where来引导。
Go where you like.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
Make a mark where you have a question.
三、原因状语从句
原因状语从句连接词because,since, as , now that（既然），for
He is disappointed because he didn't get the position.
As it is raining, I will not go out.
Now that you mention it, I do remember.
比较：because,since, as和for
1）because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since.
I didn't go, because I was afraid.
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
2）由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。
He is absent today,because / for he is ill.
He must be ill,for he is absent today.
3) because和so不能同用在一个句子里。
四、条件状语从句
连词If, unless, once,as long as, on condition that
①If he is notin the office, he must be out for lunch.
②You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean. ③So far as I know（据我所知）, hewill be away for three months.
④You can goswimming on condition that ( = if ) you don't go too far away from the riverbank.
⑤If he had come a few minutes earlier, he could have seen her.
五、目的状语从句
连接词so, so that（从句谓语常有情态动词）,in order that, in case（以防，以免）for fear that
①Speak clearly, so that they may understand you.
②She hasbought the book in order that she could follow the TV lessons.
③He leftearly in case he should miss the train.
六、结果状语从句
连接词so that （从句谓语一般没有情态动词）, so … that, such … that She was ill, so thatshe didn’t attend the meeting.
He was so excited that he could not say aword.
She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.
比较：so和 such
其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。 such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。
so foolish such a fool so nice a flower
such a nice flower so many / few flowers
such nice flowers so much / little money.
such rapid progress so many people
such a lot of people
（ so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。）
七、比较状语从句
比较状语从句连接词：than,so (as) … as, the more … the more
I have made a lot more mistakes than you have.
He smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford.
The busier he is, the happier he feels.
八、方式状语从句
方式状语从句连接词as, as if(though), the way, rather than
You must do the exercise as I show you.
He acted as if nothing had happened.
He decided to quit rather than accept the new rules.
九、让步状语从句
连接词although, though, as,even if (though), however, whatever, whether…or, no matter who(when, what, …) Though he is a child, heknows a lot==Child as he is, he knows a lot.
Whatever ( = No matter what ) you say, I’ll never change my mind.
让步状语从句(1) though, although
注意： 当有though, although时，后面的从句不能有but， 但是 though 和yet, stillnevertheless（仍然，不过）可连用 Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.
虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。
He is very old, but he still works very hard.
虽然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。
让步状语从句(2) as, though 引导的倒装句
as / though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。
Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. = Though he was a small child, heknew what was the right thing to do.
注意：a. 句首名词不能带任何冠词。
b. 句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the worksatisfactorily.== Though he tries hard, he never seems… 虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。
让步状语从句(3)
3) ever if, even though. 即使
We'll make a trip even though the weather isbad.
4) whether„or- 不管„„都
Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
让步状语从句(4)
5) "no matter +疑问词" 或"疑问词+后缀ever"
No matter what happened, he would not mind. Whatever happened, he would not mind.
替换：
no matter what =whatever
no matter who = whoever
no matter when = whenever
no matter where = wherever
no matter which = whichever
no matter how = however
6) 注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。
状语从句的省略
1.当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，可省略状语从句的主语和be动词。e.g.
As a young man, Lincoln was a store keeper and a postmaster.
2. 当从句的主语是it, 谓语动词是be动词时，可以把it和be一起省略。此时构成“连词（if， unless， when， whenever）+形容词”的结构。
Though cold，he still wore a shirt.
3. If =so/not省略句式中，用so/not代替上文的内容。
Get up early tomorrow.
If not(=If you don'tget up early), you will miss the first note.
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