高 考英语 时态和语态
第一节 基本知识和基本概念
【英语有几种时态？】
英语的时态到底应该分为几种？这是一个很棘手的问题。专家们在这一问题上的意见也有分歧。但是，通常说来，英语中与时态相关的有四种体和四种时，结合在一起就应该有16种时态。本书用下面的简易图来表示它们。
一般体 进行体 完成体 完成进行体
图中的１６个交点就是我们常用的１６种时态。其中最为复杂的是过去将来完成进行时。
【高考常考的时态是什么？】
根据上面的解释，我们明显感觉到高考英语试题中不可能所有时态都考。像上文提到的过去将来完成进行时，被考到的几率就比较底。原因很简单，出题人想考查这个时态的话，就必须费很大的力气，用很长的篇幅来营造使用这个时态的语境。一个普通的单项选择题是很难承受这样的负担的。
根据近几年高考试题在时态上的考查，热点时态无外乎上图中靠内层的九种：一般过去时、一般现在时、一般将来时、过去进行时、现在进行时、将来进行时、过去完成时、现在完成时和将来完成时。
【高考时态题解题的金钥匙是什么？】
和其他许多考点相似，时态类的考题也有其固有的规律。做题时，也就有比较常用的思路。本书把老师常讲的几个能帮助我们解题的办法总结一下。
1、背定义
这个办法是最简洁、最直接的一个。因为，各个时态的固有特征和与其它时态的本质区别在定义中总有所体现。在我们感到迷茫无助时，准确地记住所涉及时态的定义往往能让我们感到柳暗花明。如：
I _______ his advice the other day, or I will be enjoying the sunshine in
A. didn’t follow B. hadn’t followed
C. haven’t followed D. wasn’t following
答案：Ａ。 解析：在这个题的四个选项中，干扰性最大的是Ｂ。许多同学对过去完成时的使用还停留在比较感性的阶段。很多时候是凭极不可靠的直觉来选择。甚至有时候选过去完成时是因为它看起来最复杂。其实，如果在这个时候，想一想它的定义，就不难了。过去完成时的定义的要素是过去的过去，即用于表示在过去的某一点时间之前就已经完成的动作或存在的状态。而这个题目所设计的语境明显不能满足这一点。所以，不能选它。
2、看状语
在很多情况下，句子的时态是受本句的时间状语决定或影响的。所以，在作这类题目时，看时间状语就成了解题的关键。例如：
The Smiths _________ here since 1990.
A. live B. have lived
C. had lived D. are living
答案：B。 解析：本题中的时间状语since 1990在这里起着决定性作用。“Since＋过去的点时间”表示“从那时以来”，暗指“延续到现在”，所以，这里应该选择现在完成时。
但是，值得注意的是，这个办法不是万能的。在有些比较难的高考题中，所给出的时间状语可能是误导性的或者干扰性的。这就要求我们提高警惕。以防上当。例如：
Mr. Koonts _______ in
A. have worked B. had worked
C. worked D. works
答案：C。 解析：有些同学可能因为看到了时间状语for 10 years而坚定不移地选择了A，从而丢掉１分。重要原因是他们没有看到后面的between 1990 and 2000。这个信息很重要，它的功能就是告诉我们，Mr. Koonts在伦敦大学工作并没有延续到现在。提示我们不要选择现在完成时。而要选一般过去时。
像上题这样的用时间状语来干扰我们答题的题目有不少，具体做题时，值得我们留意。
3、找基点
所有的时态考题，为了给我们营造某一特定时态的恰当得使用环境，都会给我们一处或几处时间基点上的提示。用来告诉我们，这个题是基于什么时间的，或现在或过去或将来。这个基点对我们来说也很重要。就看大家能否在解题时准确地抓住它们。例如：
--- Did you go to the party last weekend?
--- Yes. And it was quite a long time since I ______ myself so much.
A. enjoyed B. have enjoyed
C. had enjoyed D. was enjoying
答案：C。 解析：很多同学都背诵过一个固定句型：It is 10 years since I came here. 我到这里已经１０年了。并根据划线部分的提示选择了A选项。其实，这里的基点已经由原来的is变成了was，即从到现在为止变成了到过去为止。因此，我们必须选择过去完成时。题目的意思是“我已经有相当长的时间没有像那天那样高兴过了”。
4、凭感觉
也有一些情况，以上三种方法都很难奏效。这时，我们只能凭着那一点微薄的语感来做题了。但是，对初学者来说，这个办法有些牵强。这里的解释仅供参考。例如：
--- How are you getting along with Mary Ericsson.
--- Perfectly. We ______ each other, but it is almost a month since I last dated her.
A. have loved B. are loving
C. loved D. love
答案：D。 解析：这个题目中but后面的句子给了我们一些时态上的提示，说“我们已经一个月没有约会了”。这个提示有一定的误导性，有些同学可能会据此而选择一般过去时。真正给我们正面提示的是前面的perfectly和中间的并列连词but。它告诉我们尽管我们一个月没有约会了，但是，还是相爱的。凭我们的语言习惯，应该用一般现在时。
总结一下，上面所讲的四种解决时态问题的办法都是比较常用的解题思路。其中，对中学生来说最可靠的是第一种。关键时刻能帮我们顶住的还是各个时态的定义。但是，这恰恰又是我们的一个薄弱点。因为从来没有什么考试考查过时态的定义，所以大家都没有刻意地去学习和记忆这个其实很重要的知识点。因此，就不太明白每个时态具体的基本用法。本书在下文为大家简单解释５个最常见也最常考的时态。
【一般现在时】
1、表示经常或习惯性的动作，或现在存在的状态（能力、特征、职务、身份、籍贯等）。经常与every day(year, week…), usually, often, sometimes, always等状语连用。例如：
My neighbor works on China Daily as a reporter.
His watch works well and always tells the right time.
His cousin likes playing American football.
Children usually start schooling at the age of six.
The foreigner speakers perfect Chinese.
2、表示永恒的状态或真理。例如：
The moon moves around the sun once every month.
从上面两条可以看出，一般现在时通常没有时间的阶段性，所以一般不会和诸如until, before, for 3 days 这样的状语连用。
3、动词go, come, start, begin, leave, arrive, return, be等的一般现在时，可用来代替将来时，表示事先已计划安排好的将要发生的动作或状态。例如：
His flight arrives at 8 o’clock tomorrow morning.
The live football match starts at midnight tonight.
Don’t hurry! Your train leaves at 9 and you have plenty of time.
【一般过去时】
１、表示过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，或者表示过去时间内连续发生的几种动作。常与表示过去时间的状语yesterday, last week, half an hour ago, in 1995, between 1990 and 1993等连用。例如：
The young couple met only three weeks ago, instantly fell in love, and now they got married yesterday.
The first edition of this book came out in 1980.
They lived in
从上面几个例句可以看出，一般过去时只和过去有关，绝对不可能与现在的时间有任何牵连。这一点是非常重要的。
２、和一般现在时在条件、时间状语从句中代替一般将来时一样，一般过去时在这两个状语从句中代替过去将来时。例如：
They told me they would go to
【过去进行时】
1、表示在过去某一时刻或过去某一阶段中正在进行中的动作，例如：
My parents were cleaning my room when I came home last night.
She was working as a nurse in a clinic when I last met her.
The car was rushing east to west when it ran into a street lamp pole.
2、瞬间动词如go, come, start, leave, arrive, die等的过去进行时可以表示在过去看来马上要发生的动作。例如：
--- Jack, dinner is ready.
--- I’m coming.
I thought the dog was dying.
They sent me a message saying that they were leaving.
【现在完成时】
1、 表示一个过去发生的动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。例如：
I have painted all the rooms.
They have lived here for three generations.
The three brothers have used up all their money.
2、表示过去发生的动作对现在的结果或影响。例如：
I have returned the books to the library. So you have to go there for them.
She have lost her keys and has to wait for her husband to come back.
从上面的讲解可以看出，现在完成时的要素有两个：第一，如果涉及的动词是延续性的，它的发生活存在应该延续到现在才刚刚结束或还没有结束；第二，如果所涉及的动词是瞬间性的，题目中必须注明这个动作的发生对现在造成的影响。总而言之，现在完成时的动词必须以某种方式与现在的时间发生联系。
【过去完成时】
老师们通常把过去完成时所表示的时间成为“过去的过去”。重要的一点是我们必须明白过去完成时是一个相对的时态，只是同过去的某一动作相比较时，才能使用这一时态。其基本用法如下：
1、 表示在过去某一点时间以前或在过去某一动作以前已经完成的动作。这个过去的时间可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示。例如：
The boy had learned 5000 words before he entered university.
The fire had been put out by the time firefighters arrived.
My wife had sold my books when I came back for them.
2、 表示从过去某一时间开始的动作或状态，一直延续到过去的另一个时间，常和由for, since构成的时间状语连用。例如：
They had worked on the project for three months when I joined them.
3、 在叙述过去发生的事情时，常用过去完成时来追叙更早发生的事。例如：
Bill was fire for no reason last week. He had worked in the company for 10 years.
第二节 具体考点解析
【考点一、一般过去时与现在完成时得区别问题】
这两个时态的动作都发生在过去，但现在完成时着重说明的是这个过去发生的动作同现在的关系、对现在产生的结果或影响等，所以，它不能和表示过去时间的状语连用；而一般过去时只着重说明这个动作是在过去某时发生的，并不表示这个过去的动作同现在的关系，更谈不上什么结果和影响，所以，它可以和表示过去时间的状语连用。例如：
(1) I lived in
(2) I have lived in
句(1)只是说“我”于１９９１年至１９９６年在北京居住过５年，至于现在居住何处，没有必然的交代。这就是典型的一般过去时。而句(2)用了so far(到现在为止，迄今)这个时间状语，明显是想强调该句的动词与现在的关系。所以用的是现在完成时。
[典型例题1] --- Nice to see you back! How long _____ you _____ in
--- 4 months.
A. did; stay B. have; stayed C. have; been staying D. do; stay
答案：A。 解析：尽管后者回答的是一个表示段的时间4 months。但是，Nice to see you back!告诉我们，听话者现在并不在俄罗斯，而是回来了。所以，live in Russia这个动作并没有延续到现在，所以不满足现在完成时的定义。因此，答案是一般过去时。
［典型例题2］ --- Have you graduated from Beijing University?
--- Yes. I ______ there for 4 years.
A. have studied B. studied C. had studied D. have been studying
答案：B。 解析：这个题目的设计思路和上题相似。也是想通过后者回答的for 4 years这个段时间来干扰我们答题。但从他的回答Yes.来看，这个人已经毕业了。所以，在那里学习这个动作现在就不存在了。所以，选择一般过去时。
【考点二、 一般过去时与过去完成时的区别问题】
这两个时态都和现在没有关系，都表示过去的动作。但一般过去时只涉及一个纯过去的动作；而过去完成时指的是相对于过去的某一特定时间，更早发生的动作。即过去完成时至少涉及两个动作。以下几个例句均是过去完成时的典型句例。
When I got to the party, many of them had left for home.
When he was ready to hand in his test paper, the teacher had left.
The tickets for the fashion show had been sold out before I heard about it.
[典型例题1] --- Was Tom there when you arrived?
--- Yes, but he ______ home soon afterwards.
A. had gone B. has gone C. is going D. went
答案：D。 解析：答语Yes.告诉我们当“我”到的时候，Tom还在，只是过了一会儿就回家了。所以，不能用过去完成时。它表示的是“我”到之前Tom就走了。和题意矛盾。
[典型例题2] The traffic accident wouldn’t have happened yesterday, but the driver ____ really careless.
A. had been B. is C. were D. was
答案：D。 解析：许多同学会以为后面是个虚拟条件句，为配合前面的wouldn’t have happened这样一个与过去事实相反的虚拟语气句型而选择过去完成时。但是，我们这里是并列连词but，后面是一个事实，不是条件。只是说在发生事故的那一刻，司机太粗心了。所以，答案是一般过去时。
[典型例题3] --- The returned Chinese scholar has become one of the top experts in this field.
--- Yes. I know him very well. He _____ in
A. has worked B. had worked C. worked D. has been working
答案：C。 解析：解决这个题的最大关键是看到returned这个词。它告诉我们这个学者现在并没有呆在非洲，现在完成时不可接受；又找不到一个过去的时间作参照点来表示过去的过去，因此，过去完成时也不可接受。所以，答案是C。
【考点三、一般过去时与过去进行时的区别问题】
尽管二者所表示的动作都发生在过去，但一般过去时着重强调汇报过去做过什么事情，是有结果的。而过去进行时仅表示过去某一点时间上，一个动作正在进行，有什么样的结果不得而知。例如：
Tyson wrote three letters last night. (表示太森写了三封信，暗指都已写完。)
Tyson was writing a letter last night. (表示我只是见他写信来着，其他就不知道了。)
[典型例题1] The reporter said that the UFO _____ east to west when he saw it.
A. was traveling B. traveled C. had been traveling D. was to travel
答案： A。 解析：题目的意思是“记者说当他看见飞碟时，它正在从西向东飞行”。表示的是在那一刻，UFO正在做的动作。典型的过去进行时。
[典型例题2] --- Has your brother finished with that book?
--- I have no idea. He ______ it last night.
A. read B. was reading C. have read D. had been read
答案： B。 解析：答语“I have no idea”告诉我们说话人对他弟弟是否读完了那本书也不知情，只是见他昨天晚上正在读。所以，选择过去进行时。
【考点四、现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别问题】
have done与have been doing看起来差不多，其实，他们的侧重点不一样。现在完成时侧重指已有的结果或已有的影响；而现在完成进行时则强调过程。例如：
I have repaired your car.（强调你的车修好了，你可以开走了。）
I have been repairing your car.(强调我一直在给你修车，所以很累或没做其他事。)
[典型例题]--- You haven’t finished your homework yet, haven’t you?
--- No, I ______ it the whole morning.
A. have been doing B. have done C. had done D. did
答案：A。 解析：答语No告诉我们这个人还没有做完作业，也就是还没有结果。再说，即使已经做完了，也不能和the whole morning这样的段时间搭配。所以，这里想强调的应该是做作业的过程，用现在完成进行时表示一直在做。
【考点五、一般现在时与现在进行时的区别问题】
尽管两个时态所表示的动作都发生在现在，但是一般现在时强调的是一种“常态”，一种没有时间阶段特征的、稳定的状态。而现在进行时则表示的是现在所处的状态，不能保证过去是否这样，也不能保证以后怎样，有明显的阶段性。例如：
I work in
我在纽约工作。（表示我的固定工作地点就是纽约。）
I am working in
我正在纽约工作。（表示这一段时间，我在纽约上班。可能听话人知道说话人以前并不在那里工作。而说话人本人对以后的工作地点也没有把握。）
[典型例题1] I ____ ping-pang quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.
A. played B. will play C. have played D. play
答案：D。 解析：这个题的A, B,C三个选项的干扰性都挺大的。尤其是C。因为后面后一个现在完成时，仿佛是个提示，其实是个误导。这句话说的其实就是一个很普通的常态，那就是“我”乒乓球打的很好。这是一种技能，和新年以后没打过没有必然的联系。所以，一般现在时最符合我们的感觉。
[典型例题2] --- Your son looks too thin for his age.
--- He could have gained more weight. But he _____ much.
A. isn’t eating B. doesn’t eat C. haven’t eaten D. hadn’t eaten
答案：B。 解析：从这两个人的对话中可以看出，第二个人的儿子不是一天两天的不爱吃饭，而是一种长期的坏毛病，才导致孩子太瘦。所以，我们选择表示常态的一般现在时。
【考点六、如何选择适当的形式表示将来的问题】
这里有点儿乱。能表示将来概念的形式比较多。能排上号的就有6种。它们是：
① will/shall do…
② be going to do…
③ be about to do… when…
④ be doing…
⑤ does…
⑥ be to do…
简单说来，①号是最普通、最常用的将来时，没有附加的东西；②号多用来表示“执行已经制定的计划”；③号表示“刚刚要做什么，突然…”，所以经常和表示突然性的when连用；④号现在进行时表将来和②号差不多，表示执行计划，只是给人一种很近的感觉；⑤号一般现在时表将来的使用限制比较多，请参考本章第一节的【一般现在时】讲解；⑥号是高中新学的一个时态形式，它除了能像②号那样表示执行计划，还有三个情态功能是其他五种形式所没有的：一、它可以表示 “转述别人的命令”。例如：
All the contestants are to stay seated until your papers have been collected.
You two are to have dinner in the main dinning hall with others.
二、它可以表示当事人当时也不知情的但后来还是发生了的将来。例如：
His special manner of acting was to become world famous.
No one knew what place our products were to hold in the market in ten years.
三、它用于条件分句中，表示“想．．．”或“欲… ”。例如：
If the flowers are to live through winter, they have to be put into a green house.
【考点七、主动形式表被动意义的问题】
本章的大标题是“时态和语态”，但是，却花了很大的篇幅来讨论有关时态的考点。语态
仿佛被遗忘了。其实不是。主要原因在于，考生在这里的困难集中在时态方面。对语态问题，
也就是说，何时用被动，何时用主动的问题，大多数学生没有太多困难。如果说有，那就是
英语中经常出现用主动形式表示被动概念的现象，让不少同学感到很困惑。本书就这个问题
的几种常见考点加以简单解释。
一般说来，我们能在考题中遇到的有下面几种主动形式表被动意义的现象：
1、表示状态特征的系动词look, sound, feel, smell, taste, prove, appear构成的系表结构。例如：
Your excuse sounds good but it can’t be true.
Jack proved a good tour guide during the long journey.
The soup smells perfect but tastes terrible.
2、表示主语某种属性、特征的动词如read, write, sell, act, wash, clean, wear, open, lock, shut, dry等。例如：
Shakespeare’s books sell well.
莎士比亚的书卖的很不错。
This kind of material washes easily, so it saves much water.
这种布料很容易洗，所以能节约不少水。
Don’t waste your time. The door doesn’t lock at all.
别浪费时间了，这门根本锁不上。
3、Need, want, require＋doing＝to be done. 例如：
Your desk needs tidying.
你的课桌该整理了。
This kind of flowers requires watering every morning.
这种花需要每天早晨浇。
4、 be worth＋doing表示被动意义。例如：
This movie is well worth seeing a second time.
这部电影很值得再看一遍。
Your proposal is worth considering.
你的提议值得考虑。
5、不定式的主动式表被动。例如：
I have lots of work to do this week.
Have you got anything to say at the meeting?
This question is easy to work out.
English is hard to learn.
6、有两个特殊的单词，blame, let，由于历史遗留问题，它们两个经常不用被动形式。例如：
Your husband is to blame for your spoiled child.
你们的孩子被宠坏了，你丈夫难辞其咎。
The house is to let not for sale.
这房子是出租的，不卖。
第三节 巩固练习
一、【夯实基础】
1. —Is this raincoat yours?
—No, mine ______ over there behind the door.
A. is hanging B. has hung C. hangs D. hung
2. I first met Lisa three years ago. She ______ at a radio shop at the time.
A. has worked B. was working C. had been working D. had worked
3. ---Who is Jerry Cooper?
--- ______ ? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.
A. Don't you meet him yet B. Hadn't you met him yet
C. Didn't you meet him yet D. Haven't you met him yet
4. ---Can I help you, sir?
---Yes, I bought this radio here yesterday, but it ______ .
A. didn't work B. won't work C. can't work D. doesn't work
5. Helen ______ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ______ home.
A. has left; comes B. left; had come
C. had left; came D. had left; would come
6. --- ______ my glasses?
--- Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago.
A. Do you see B. Had you seen
C. Would you see D. Have you seen
7. --- Oh, it's you! I ______ you.
--- I've just had my hair cut, and I'm wearing new glasses.
A. didn't recognize B. hadn't recognized
C. haven't recognized D. don't recognize
8. You don't need to describe her. I ______ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
9. I don't think Jim saw me. He ______ into space.
A. just stared B. was just staring
C. has just stared D. had just stared
10. As she ______ the newspaper, Granny ______ asleep.
A. read; was falling B. was reading; fell
C. was reading; was falling D. read; fell
11. --- ______ the sports meet might be put off.
--- Yes, it all depends on the weather.
A. I've been told B. I've told C. I'm told D. I told
12. --- I am sorry to keep you waiting.
--- Oh, not at all. I ______ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
13. I don't really work here; I ______ until the new secretary arrives.
A. just help out B. have just helped out
C. am just helping out D. will just help out
14. --- Can I join your club, Dad?
--- You can when you ______ a bit older.
A. get B. will get C. are getting D. will have go
15. --- How long ______ each other before ______ they married?
--- For about a year.
A. have they known; get B. did they know; are going to get
C. do they know; are going to get D. had they known; got
16. His eyes shone brightly when he finally received the magazine he ______ .
A. had long been expected B. had long expected
C. has long expected D. was long expected
17. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he ______ office soon.
A. leaves B. would leave
C. left D. had left
18. My dictionary ______. I have looked for it everywhere but still ______ it.
A. has lost; don't find B. is missing; don't find
C. has lost; haven't found D. is missing; haven't fond
19. --- We could have walked to the station; it was so near.
--- Yes, a taxi ______ at all necessary.
A. wasn't B. hadn't been C. would be D. won't be
20. --- Do you know our town at all?
--- No, this is the first time I ______ here.
A. was B. am going C. came D. have been
二、【真题实战2004】
1. --- Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on.
--- Where was I ?
--- You ______ you didn’t like your father’s job. (北京春招)
A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying
2. I arrived late; I ______ the road to be so icy.
A. wouldn’t expect B. haven’t expected C. hadn’t expected D. wasn’t expecting
3. Let’s keep to the point or we ____ any decisions. (全国I)
A. will never reach B. have never reached
C. never reach D. never reached
4. My mind wasn’t on what he was saying so I’m afraid I _____ half of it. (同上)
A. was missing B. had missed C. will miss D. missed
5. The crazy fans _____ patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived.
A. were waiting B. had been waiting C. had waited D. would wait (重庆卷)
6. --- Has Sam finished his homework today?
--- I have no idea. He ______ it this morning. (全国II)
A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done
7. I _____ you not to move my dictionary--- now I can’t find it. (同上)
A. asked B. ask C. was asking D. had asked
8. --- The window is dirty.
--- I know. It ______ for weeks. (全国III)
A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean
C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned
9. ---Thank goodness, you’re here! What _____ you?
--- Traffic jam. (全国IV)
A. keeps B. is keeping C. had kept D. kept
10. --- What’s the terrible noise?
--- The neighbors ______ for a party. (北京卷)
A. have prepared B. are preparing
C. prepare D. will prepare
11. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy ______ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet. (同上)
A. had considered B. has been considering
C. considered D. is going to consider
12. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _____ by 2006. (同上)
A. has been completed B. has completed
C. will have been completed D. will have completed
13. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _____ to eat more fruit and vegetables. (上海卷)
A. persuade B. will persuade C. be persuaded D. are persuaded
14. More patients ______ in hospital this year than last year. (江苏卷)
A. treated B. have treated C. had been treated D. have been treated
15. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people ____ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology. (同上)
A. begin B. began C. have began D. had began
16. The discussion _____ alive when an interesting topic was brought in. (浙江卷)
A. was coming B. had come C. has come D. came
17. Because the shop ______, all the T-shirts are sold at half price. (同上)
A. has closed down B. closed down
C. is closing down D. had closed down
18. --- You were out when I dropped in at your house.
--- Oh, I ______ for a friend from
A. was waiting B. had waited
C. am waiting D. have waited
19. --- What were you doing when Tony phoned you?
--- I had just finished my work and ____ to take a shower. (天津卷)
A. had started B. started
C. have started D. was starting
20. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _____ advertisements showing happy families. (湖南卷)
A. will often see B. often see
C. are often seeing D. have often seen
21. --- I hear Jane has gone to the
--- Oh, how nice! Do you know when she ______. (同上)
A. was leaving B. had left
C. has left D. left
22. He kept looking at her, wondering whether he _____ her somewhere. （湖北卷）
A. saw B. has seen C. sees D. had seen
23. --- George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?
--- No. I _____. Did they have a big wedding? (同上)
A. was not invited B. have not been invited
C. hadn’t been invited D. didn’t invite
24. She _____ her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to
A. would change B. has changed
C. changed D. was changing
三、【真题实战2005】
1. The country life he was used to _____ greatly since 1992. (山东卷)
A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed
2. --- What would you do if it _____ tomorrow?
--- We have to carry it on, since we’ve got everything ready? (全国I)
A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining
3. The hero’s story _____ differently in the newspapers. (同上)
A. was reported B. was reporting C. reports D. reported
4. The coffee is wonderful! It doesn’t taste like anything I _____ before. (同上)
A. was having B. have C. have ever had D. had ever had
5. Listen to the two girls by the window. What language _____? (全国II)
A. did they speak B. were they speaking
C. are they speaking D. have they been speaking
6. --- Did you tell Julia about the result?
--- Oh, no, I forgot. I ______ her now. (同上)
A. will be calling B. will call C. call D. am to call
7. He ______ more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15.
A. has learned B. would have learned (北京卷)
C. learned D. had learned
8. Scientists think that the continents ______ always where they _____ today. (同上)
A. aren’t; are B. aren’t; were C. weren’t; are D. weren’t were
9. More than a dozen students in that school _____ abroad to study medicine last year. (上海卷)
A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent
10. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _____ for
A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left
11. Father ______ for
A. has left B. left C. was leaving D. had left
12. --- What are you going to do this afternoon?
--- I am going to the cinema with some friends. The film ____ quite early, so we ____ to the bookstore after that. (重庆卷)
A. finished; are going B. finished; go C. finishes; are going D. finishes; go
13. --- What’s wrong with your coat?
--- Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me ____ on it. (同上)
A. sat B. had sat C. had been sitting D. was sitting
14. Millions of pounds’ worth of damage _____ by a storm which swept across the north of
A. has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been caused
15. --- If the traffic hadn’t been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 o’clock.
--- What a pity! Tina _____ here to see you. (湖南卷)
A. is B. was C. would be D. has been
16. Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasn’t stopped ringing. People _____ to ask how I am going to spend the money. (同上)
A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning
17. When the old man _____ to walk back to his house, the sun ____ itself behind the mountain. (湖北卷)
A. started; had already hidden B. had started; had already hidden
C. had started; was hiding D. was starting; hid
18. He was hoping to go abroad but his parents ____ that they won’t support him unless he can borrow money from the bank. (同上)
A. were deciding B. have decided C. decided D. will decide
19. --- Are you still busy?
--- Yes, I _____ my work, and it won’t take long. (浙江卷)
A. just finish B. am just finishing C. have just finished D. am just going to finish
20. Susan decided not to work on the program at home because he didn’t want her parents to know what she _______. (辽宁卷)
A. has done B. had done C. was doing D. is doing
21. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea, which ____ the Pacific, and we met no storms. (同上)
A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called
22. --- Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.
--- Oh! I thought they _____ without me. (江西卷)
A. went B. are going C. have gone D. had gone
23. The manager had fallen asleep where he _____, without undressing. (安徽卷)
A. was laying B. was lying C. had laid D. had lied
24. Years ago we didn’t know this, but recent science ____ that people who don’t sleep well soon get ill. (广东卷)
A. showed B. will show C. has shown D. is showing
25. The policeman’s attention was suddenly caught by a small box which ____ placed under the Minister’s car. (同上)
A. has been B. had been C. was being D. would be
26. They ______ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we ____ it as no good results have come out so far. (江苏卷)
A. had been working; are still working
B. had worked; were still working
C. have been working; have worked
D. have worked; are still working
27. When Mark opened the door, he saw a woman standing there. He _____ her before.
(北京春招)
A. never saw B. had never seen C. never sees D. has never seen
28. After a fire broke out in the lab, a lot of equipment _____. (同上)
A. is damaged B. had damaged C. damaged D. was damaged
29. I can’t see any coffee in this cupboard. ________? (同上)
A. Has it all been finished B. Was it all finished
C. Has it all finished D. Did it all finish
30. ______ my sister three times today but her line was always busy. (同上)
A. I’d phoned B. I’ve been phoning C. I’ve phoned D. I was phoning
四、【真题实战2006】
1. --- I don’t suppose the police know who did it.
--- Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and ________ now. (江苏卷)
A. has been questioned B. is being questioned
C. is questioning D. has questioned
2. Although medical science __________ control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us is that some of them are returning. （江苏卷）
A. achieved B. has achieved C. will achieve D. had achieved
3. The house belongs to my aunt but she______ here any more. （全国I）
A. hasn't lived B. didn't live C. hadn't lived D. doesn't live
4. The water ______ cool when I joined into the pool for morning exercise. (全国I)
A. was felt B. is felt C. felt D. feels
5. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it ______ yesterday. (全国I)
A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened
6. John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3,000 more than he _______ for the wedding. （全国III）
A. will plan B. has planned C. would plan D. had planned
7. Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane________. （福建卷）
A. takes off B. is taking off C. has taken off D. took off
8. The moment the 28th Olympic Games _______ open, the whole world cheered. (福建卷)
A. declared B. have been declared C. have declared D. were declared
9. I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I __________to half a dozen other groups. (湖南卷)
A. was giving B. am giving C. had given D. have given
10. In a room above the store, where a party __________,some workers were busily setting the table. （湖南卷）
A. was to be held B. has been held C. will be held D. is being held
11. I have to go to work by taxi because my car ________ at the garage. （重庆卷）
A. will be repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. has been repaired
12. Customers are asked to make sure that they________ the right change before leaving the shop.
A. will give B. have been given （重庆卷）
C. have given D. will be given
13. I ______ in London for many years，but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China. (重庆卷)
A. lived B. was living C. have lived D. had lived
14. －Mr. Gordon asked me to remind you of the meeting this afternoon. Don't you forget it!
-OK, I________ . （重庆卷）
A. won’t B. don’t C. will D. do
15. My cousin went to
A. worked B. would work C. would be working D. has been working
16. --- _______ leave at the end of this month.
--- I don’t think you should do that until ________ another job. (北京卷)
A. I’m going to ; you’d found B. I’m going to ; you’ve found
C. I’ll ; you’ll find D. I’ll ; you’d find
17. --- Your job ________ open for your return.
--- Thanks. （北京卷）
A. will be kept B. will keep C. had kept D. had been kept
18. --- Where did you put the car keys?
--- Oh, I ________ I put them on the chair because the phone rang as I ______ in. （北京卷）
A. remembered ; come B. remembered ; was coming
C. remember ; come D. remember ; was coming
19. Sarah had her washing machine repaired the day before yesterday, she? (广东卷)
A. had B. did C. hadn't D. didn't
20. The young girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. She before. （广东卷）
A. hasn't flown B. didn't fly C. hadn't flown D. wasn't flying
21. I won't tell the student the answer to the math problem until he ____on it for more than an hour. （湖北卷）
A. has been working B. will have worked
C. will have been working D. had worked
22. Although the causes of cancer _______, we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it. （山东卷）
A. are being uncovered B. have been uncovering
C. are uncovering D. have uncovered
23. —You look very tired. _______at all last night?
—No, not really. I’m stirred out now. (陕西卷)
A. Do you sleep B. Were you sleeping
C. Did you sleep D. Had you slept
24. The construction of the two new railway lines __________by now. （陕西卷）
A. has completed B. have completed
C. have been completed D. has been completed
25. This machine _______. It hasn’t worked for years. （浙江卷）
A. didn’t work B. wasn’t working C. doesn’t work D. isn’t working
26. My friend, who ______ on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month. (浙江卷)
A. served B. is serving C. had served D. has served
27. Look at the timetable. Hurry up ! Flight 4025______ off at 18:20. (四川卷)
A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has taken
28. I along the street looking for a place to park when the accident . （安徽卷）
A. went; was occurring B. went; occurred
C. was going; occurred D. was going; had occurred
29. Mr. Green stood up in defense of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one . (安徽卷)
A. blamed B. blaming C. to blame D. to be blamed
30. I think it is necessary for my 19-year-old son to have his own mobile phone, for I sometimes want to make sure if he home for dinner. （辽宁卷）
A. come B. comes C. has come D. will come
31. It is said that the early European playing-cards for entertainment and education.
A. were being designed B. have designed （辽宁卷）
C. have been designed D. were designed
32. What we used to think impossible now does seem possible. （天津卷）
A. is B. was C. has been D. will be
33. We ___ our new neighbors yet, so we don't know their names. （上海卷）
A. don't meet B. won't meet C. haven't met D. hadn't met
五、【真题实战2007】
1. I know a little bit about
A. are going B. had been C. went D. have been
2. The flowers were so lovely that they __________ in no time. (全国I)
A. sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. would sell
3. –Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad.
–Oh, nothing much. In fact, I ____ of my friends back home. （全国II）
A. have just thought B. was just thinking
C. would just think D. will just be thinking
4. –Tom, you didn’t come to the party last night?
–I ____, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. （全国II）
A. had to B. didn’t C. was going to D. wouldn’t
5. At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement ______.（江苏卷）
A. has been reached B. had been reached
C. has reached D. had reached
6. --- ______ you ______ him around the museum yet? （江苏卷）
--- Yes. We had a great time there.
A. Have … shown B. Do … show C. Had … shown D. Did … show
7.—I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.
—Impossible. She TV with me in my home then. （福建卷）
A.watched B.had watched C.would watch D.was watching
8.Danny hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. （福建卷）
A.works B.is working
C.has worked D.worked
9. —I have got a headache.
—No wonder. You in front of that computer too long. （江西卷）
A.work B.are working C.have been working D.worked
10. .—Ouch!You hurt me! （江西卷）
—I am sorry. But I any harm. I to drive a rat out.
A.didn’t mean; tried B.don’t mean; am trying
C.haven’t meant; tried D.didn’t mean; was trying
11. I there little more than a week when I set to work with the scientist. （陕西卷）
A.would be B.have been C.had been D.will be
12. --- Jack bought a new mobile phone the other day.
--- ________? That’s his third one in just one month. （浙江卷）
A. Had he B. Did he C. Does he D. Has he
13. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where ____ yet. （浙江卷）
A. hasn’t been decided B. haven’t decided C. isn’t being decided D. aren’t decided
14. The play had already been on for quite some time when we ____ at the New Theatre. （浙江卷）
A. have arrived B. arrived C. had arrived D. arrive
15. If
A. had discovered B. had been discovered
C. has discovered D. has been discovered
16. -----How can I apply for an online course? （北京卷）
------Just fill out this form and we _____ what we can do four you. （北京卷）
A.see B.are seeing C. have seen D. will see
17.I got caught in the rain and my suit____.（北京卷）
A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined
18.----It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home. （北京卷）
-----Oh, don’t mention it.I _____past your house anyway.
A. was coming B. will come C. had come D. have come
19. When you get the paper back, pay special attention to what ________ . (四川卷)
A．have marked B. have been marked C．had marked D．had been marked
20.—Did you see a man in black pass by just now? (四川卷)
—No, sir. I ________ a newspaper.
A. read B. was reading C. would read D. am reading
21. —Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday?
—Yes, he did. He ________ his old friends for a long time. （重庆卷）
A. didn’t see B. wouldn’t see C. hasn’t seen D. hadn’t seen
22. Leonardo da Vinci (1452 - 1519) ________ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free. （重庆卷）
A. is said to be buying B. is said to have bought
C. . had said to buy D. has said to have bought
23. —Do you have any idea what Paul does all day?
—As I know, he spends at least as much time playing as he _______. （重庆卷）
A. writes B. does writing C. is writing D. does write
24.—When I called you this morning, nobody answered the phone. Where______. （重庆卷）
A. did you go B. have you gone C. were you D. had you been
25.They became friends again that day. Until then, they _______ to each other for nearly two years. (安徽卷)
A. didn't speak B. hadn't spoken C. haven' t spoken D.haven' t been speaking
26. -- Did Peter fix the computer himself?
-- He ________, because he doesn't know much about computers. (安徽卷)
A. has it fixed B. had fixed it C. had it fixed D. fixed it
27. As the years passed, many occasions—birthdays, awards, graduations—________ with Dad’s flowers. (湖南卷)
A. are marked B. were marked C. have marked D. had marked
28.Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at
A. studies B. studied C. is studying D. has been studying
29. We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks _________ so small that a day is unimportant. (湖南卷)
A. is B. are C. has been D. have been
30. They ________ two free tickets to
A．had got B．got C．have got D．get
31. .---Have you handed in your schoolwork yet?
---Yes, I have. I guess it ______ now. (辽宁卷)
A.has graded B. is graded C. is being graded D. is grading
32.---Has your father returned from
---Yes, but he _____ here for only three days before his company sent him to
A. was B. has been C. will be D. would be
33. --- Did you tidy your room?
--- No, I was going to tidy my room but I ______ visitors.
A. had B. have C. have had D. will have
34. With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ______ in the past years.
A. discovered B. have discovered
C. had been discovered D. have been discovered
参考答案：
一、【夯实基础】
1-5 ABDDC 6-10 DABBB 11-15 AACAD 16-20 BBDAD
二、【真题实战2004】
1-5 CCADB 6-10 CADDB 11-15 BCDDB 16-20 DCADA 21-24 DDAC
三、【真题实战2005】
1-5 BBACC 6-10 BDCBC 11-15 DCDAB 16-20 DABBC 21-25 BDBCB
26-30 ABDAC
四、【真题实战2006】
1-5 BBDCD 6-10 DBDCA 11-15 CBAAA 16-20 BADDC 21-25 AACDC
26-30 ADCCD 31-33 ABC
五、【真题实战2007】
1-5 CCBCB 6-10 ADCCD 11-15 CBABD 16-20 DCABB
21-25 DBBCB 26-30 CBDAB 31-34 CAAD
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