元 釉里红瓷器：
釉里红瓷器创烧于元代。青花的呈色剂是氧化钴，呈色稳定；釉里红的呈色剂是氧化铜，极易挥发，因此对窑室的烧成气氛要求十分严格。元代景德镇工匠创造性地将二者珠联璧合地施于同一器物上。这一新的釉下彩品种的出现，是元代瓷器生产技术进步的重要标志。釉里红瓷是瓷器中的一种釉下彩形式的产品，即为釉下的红色。其工艺为用氧化铜在瓷器的胎体上绘制图案，然后再施透明釉，在高温下还原烧制而成。
Red Porcelain in Yuan Glaze:
The glazed red porcelain was first fired in the Yuan Dynasty. Blue and whitecolor agent is cobalt oxide, stable color; glaze red color agent is copper oxide, volatile easily, so the firing atmosphere of the kiln is very strict. Jingdezhen craftsmen in the Yuan Dynasty creatively applied the two beads to the same object. The emergence of this new type of underglaze color is an important
symbol of technological progress in the production of porcelains in the Yuan Dynasty. Unglazed red porcelain is a kind of product in the form of underglaze color, that is, underglaze red. The process is to use copper oxide to draw patterns on the matrix of porcelain, then apply transparent glaze, and then reduce firing at high temperature.
一般认为，釉里红瓷成熟于明代，而到了清代之后，也有所发展。烧制釉里红瓷器要求有较高的温度，因此烧制成功并不容易，流传至今的元代釉里红瓷器也很少，可见它的珍贵性。纵观元代釉里红瓷器，胎体一般呈白灰色，釉面则是青白色，而烧制的器具表面往往有接痕或者削过的痕迹，底足露胎处多呈暗红色，大多器物内壁不施釉。元代开创的釉里红瓷是难得的一种新品种，之所以这样认为，是因为它具有这样的特性：铜红色料的性质很不稳定，对温度的要求极高，温度稍微有变化，便不会出现满意的效果。与此同时，还原铜在高温下容易挥发，容易流串或者融合，若温度不适宜，便会前功尽弃。由于技术条件要求十分苛刻，因此，釉里红的出现，应该说是陶瓷史上的一次伟大创新。
It is generally believed that the glazed red porcelain matured in the Ming Dynasty and developed afterthe Qing Dynasty. Burning glazed red porcelain requires higher temperature, so it is not easy to succeed in firing. So far, there are few glazed red porcelain in Yuan Dynasty, which shows its preciousness. Throughout the Yuan Dynasty glazed red porcelains, the body is generally white-gray, the glaze is blue-white, and the surface of fired utensils often has traces of joints or scratches, the bottom of the bare tires are mostly dark red, most of the utensils are not glazed on the inner wall. The red enamel pioneered in the Yuan Dynasty is a rare new variety. The reason why we think so is that it has such characteristics: the nature of copper red is very unstable, the requirement for temperature is very high, and the temperature changes slightly, then there will be no satisfactory effect. At the same time, the reduced copper is easy to volatilize at high temperature and to flow or fuse. If the temperature is not suitable, the previous work will be discarded. Because of the strict technical requirements, the appearance of glaze red should be regarded as a great innovation in the history of ceramics.
2019年迪拜春季拍卖会封面——元 釉里红凤纹扁壶：
品名：元 釉里红凤纹扁壶
品类：瓷器
规格：带盖高21.5cm，口径4cm，底价8cm，壶腹直径17cm
估价：8000万HKD
拍卖会：2019年迪拜春季拍卖会（封面）
负责人：林静186 .658 .10833
简介：
凤：神鸟也。天老曰：“凤之象也，鸿前麐後，蛇颈鱼尾，鹳颡鸳思，龙文虎背，燕颔鸡喙，五色备举。出於东方君子之国，翺翔四海之外，过崐崘，饮砥柱，濯羽弱水，莫宿风穴。见则天下大安寕。此扁壶直口，短颈，溜肩，圆形扁体，前有翘起的壶嘴，后安壶把。壶嘴塑成毛羽纷披的凤头，凤首高昂，高雅贵气；壶把塑成卷曲的凤尾。与塑出的立体头尾结合的凤身是绘在圆形壶体的上部，两翅垂至壶体两侧，在壶体下部则绘有盛开的缠枝牡丹。呈凤穿牡丹之景像，凤凰来舞,仪表非凡，加之白地釉里红，艳丽脱俗。
The cover of the Spring Auction in Dubai in 2019 - Red Phoenix Flat Pot in the Glaze of Yuan Dynasty:
Name: Red Phoenix Flat Pot in Yuan Glaze
Category: Porcelain
Specifications:Cover height 21.5 cm, caliber 4 cm, base price 8 cm, ampulla diameter 17 cm
Valuation: 80 million HKD
Auction: Dubai Spring Auction 2019 (Cover)
Responsible
person: Lin Jing
Introduction:
Feng: The bird of God. The old man said, "The elephant of the phoenix,after the foot of Hongqian, snake-necked fish tail, partridge thought, dragon and tiger back, swallow-billed chicken beak, five colors to be picked up. Out of the kingdom of the Oriental gentleman, beyond the sea of Qixiang, he passed through the Yangzhang, drinking pillars, weak water in the Bauyu, and Mosu Feng Cave. See the world's great security. The flat pot has straight mouth, short neck, shoulder slippage, circular flat body, a raised spout in front and a handle in back. The spout is shaped into feathered Phoenix head, which is high and elegant; the handle is shaped into curly Phoenix tail. The Phoenix body combined with the three-dimensional head and tail is painted on the upper part of the round pot, with wings hanging to both sides of the pot, and on the lower part of the pot are painted with blooming twisted peony. Fengfeng wears peony. Phoenix dances with extraordinary appearance. In addition, the white glaze is red, gorgeous and refined.
注词来源：2018年9月3号新加坡类似封面（元 青花凤纹扁壶），2013年澳门中信春季拍卖会拍品（元 釉里红凤穿牡丹纹刻花扁壶），2013年澳门中信秋季拍卖会拍品（元 釉里红云龙纹大口梅瓶）
Sources of Notes: Similar cover of Singapore on September 3, 2018 (phoenix flask with Yuanqingflowers), auction of spring auction of CITIC Macau in 2013 (red Phoenix with peony carved flask in Yuanglaze), auction of autumn auction of CITIC Macau in 2013 (plum flask with yuanglaze red cloud and dragon pattern in Yuanglaze)
元釉里红基本特征：
元代瓷器在陶瓷装饰历史上有着一个划时代意义。景德镇元青花瓷的精美成熟让人惊叹，元代釉里红伴着元青花瓷也放出异样的光彩。元釉里红的存世量稀少。元釉里红是陶瓷装饰历史上重要发明之一。它为釉下铜红彩绘，烧成难度大，特殊性强，因而有自身的装饰特色。
The basic characteristics of Yuan glaze red:
Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty has a epoch-making significance inthe history of ceramic decoration. Jingdezhen Yuan Blue and White Porcelain's exquisite maturity is amazing, Yuan Dynasty glaze red accompanied by Yuan Blue and White Porcelain also gives out unusual brilliance. Red in the glaze of Yuan Dynasty is scarce in existence. Yuan glaze red is one of the important inventions in the history of ceramic decoration. It is a copper red color painting under glaze. It is difficult to firing and has strong particularity, so it has its own decorative characteristics.
深圳永煊文化发展公司拥有国际的艺术品交易中心，坐落于珠三角地区位于深圳市南山区最繁华的商贸中心。是广东金融地区一家经工商及文化部门核准注册，具有文化艺 术品鉴定、评估、展览、销售、保管、交流、交易与拍卖的大型艺术品运营公司，公司是大陆为香港，澳门，美国，德国，英国等授权直属征集处，旨 在服务中国文化艺术行业，为广大藏友打造全新的，安全可靠的交易平台。
公司现拥有一支高层次，高素质的专家队伍。具有丰富的艺术品鉴定评估及市场运作经验。永煊文化力求打造自我百年品牌，与海内外艺术品运营商及多家国际知名单位通力合作，共享资源，确保运营艺术品的高价成交。立足今日，永煊文化将凭借深厚的专业知识，丰富的运作经验以及庞大的客户资源，服务社会。坚定不移地传承和发扬中华文明;促进古今艺术品交流与交易，引领中国广大收藏爱好者走向艺术品交易世界的康庄大道。
Shenzhen Yongxuan Cultural Development Co., Ltd. has an international art trading center, located inthe Pearl River Delta region, the busiest commercial and Trade Center in Nanshan District of Shenzhen. It is a large-scale art operation company approved and registered by the Ministry of Industry, Commerce and Culture in Guangdong financial region. It has the functions of appraisal, evaluation, exhibition, sale, storage, exchange, trading and auction of cultural and artistic works. The company is a authorized collection office directly under the mainland of Hong Kong, Macao, the United States, Germany and the United Kingdom, aiming at serving the Chinese cultural and artistic industry and creating a brand-new brand for Tibetan friends. Secure and reliable trading platform.
The company nowhas a high-level, high-quality team of experts. Has rich experience in artwork appraisal and market operation. Yongxuan Culture strives to build its own 100-year brand, cooperates with art operators at home and abroad and a number of internationally renowned units to share resources and ensure high-priced trading of art works. Based on today, Yongxuan Culture will serve the society with its profound professional knowledge, rich operational experience and huge customer resources. We will unswervingly inherit and carry forward the Chinese civilization, promote the exchange and trade of ancient and modern works of art, and lead the vast number of Chinese collectors to the grand road of art trading world.
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