迎春促销！ （1）柴油机增压的主要目的是提高柴油机功率。 （2）活塞压缩环的泵油现象主要是因为压缩环天地间隙。（3）四冲程柴油机的连杆在运转中受力状态是拉、压交替。（4）四冲程柴油机连杆螺栓工作条件最恶劣的时刻发生在换气上止点。（5）曲轴强度最薄弱的部位通常为曲柄销与曲柄臂过渡圆角处。（6）运行中的柴油机气缸盖最容易发生的缺陷是裂纹。（7）在燃油系统中表明滤器破损的现象是滤器前后压力差为零。（8）分油机使用比重环的目的是控制油水界面。（9）柴油机润滑系统中，滑油冷却器进出口温度差一般在10—15℃。（10）膨胀水柜水位波动或冒泡，水中有碳粒其原因是缸盖裂穿。（11）使用表盘式液压调速器的两台发电柴油机并联运行负荷始终不能均匀分配，应该调整的部件是速度降旋钮。（12）液压调速器的滑油在正常情况下的换油周期一般是六个月。（13）柴油机主机暖缸的方法有：①发电柴油机冷却水在主机内循环；②蒸汽在膨胀水箱中加热并开动温水泵；③蒸汽或电加热器加热主机淡水并开动淡水泵。（14）烟囱冒火时，出现油雾燃烧所形成的火花应立即降低柴油机负荷或慢慢停车。（15）船舶由淡水水域驶入海水水域，吃水的变化是减少。（16）船体破损进水后，首先应关闭所有水密装置和通路、防止进水漫延。（17）油水分离器的用途是：①净化机舱污水；②处理大量含油压载水；③处理少量货油舱洗舱水。（18）生活污水生化处理装置中的”活性污泥”良好状态应是：①含有大量有活力的耗氧微生物；②有一定的粘附力；③无异臭味。（19）制船舶柴油机排气对大气的污染主要途径有：①建立废气清洗系统或等效的其他减少NOx的排放的措施；②通过控制燃油含硫量达到限制s0。的排放的措施。（20）针对海上防止污染方面的薄弱环节，IMO新增SOLAS第XI章，从四个方面采取特别措施。（21）《海上交通安全法》规定，移动式平台、大型设施的海上拖带，必须经船检部门进行拖航检验，并报海事部门核准。（22）我国船级社的主要职权是：①核定船舶载重量；②办理国外船舶入级业务；③建造船舶入级检验；④对海上平台设施进行法定检验。（23）坞内检验内容中与轮机部有关的是海底阀箱和格栅。（24）船舶经批准实施展期后，下次船级特别检验的日期应从展期前的特别检验到期日算起。（25）柴油机部件（缸套、缸盖、活塞顶）作水压试验，其试验压力一般取0.7MPa。（26）ISM规则运用IS09000系列标准的架构和机理，建立了通过加强公司安全管理来控制人为因素的管理体系，使船上安全管理置于系统化管理之中。（27）属于SMS中船舶应急行动的是：①船舶结构损坏；②货物抛弃；③电源损坏；④碰撞、搁浅。（28）《安检规则97》不适用于所有到港的中国籍海轮。（29）什么情况应使用高位主海底阀？①浅水航区航行；②港内航行；③船舶擦底、搁浅时。（30）大风浪中航行时，值班轮机员不应经常性远离操纵室进行巡回检查。（31）船舶在海上航行中失电，若情况特殊急须用车避让，则只要主机有可能短期运转则应执行驾驶台命令。（32）在狭窄水道、进出港航行时，应做到：①轮机员在机舱值班；②尽量避免配电板操作；③尽量避免使用大功率设备。（33）航海的特殊性导致对海员心理素质的特殊要求，加强海员心理素质训练的目的在于熟悉航海中的不良因素和困难，培养克服心理负担的经验。（34）船舶保安计划ssP的最基本要素之一在不同等级下的船舶保安措施。（35）由于机械设备管理操作不当而引起的火灾爆炸事故是曲柄箱爆炸。（36）受压容器在受压元件变形、裂缝情况下应停止使用。（37）加油时，如果出现哪种情况，则应立即停止加油：①码头上起火；②船上失火；③下雨雷电交加；④发现船边海面有油；⑤油面上升突然很慢。（38）在救生艇的备品中，每人配备淡水为3公升。（39）航行及操纵设备、应急设备等属于安全检查的检查项目之一。（40）《STCW公约》规定的”轮机值班”一词是指：①组成值班的小组；②轮机部人员的责任期。（41）机舱应急设备应由检修分工明细表规定的专人负责管理。（42）船舶进厂修理前首先要注意安全，主要的安全措施有：①防火；②防坠落；③安全用电；④防滑；⑤防冻。（43）干粉灭火机驱动气瓶内气体的总重量在减少1/10以上时，应立即补充。（44）一般可燃物失火后，若火势较大，个人无能力将火扑灭时，应该报警后，尽可能坚守现场。（45）轮机员正确管理机器、设备是衡量其业务素质和技术水平的标准。（46）拉缸是在润滑条件下产生的不同程度的粘着磨损。（47）轻微的气缸套裂纹可采用油石或风动砂轮钳工修刮方法去除。（48）气缸套内圆表面磨损测量时，每个横截面测2个直径。（49）煤油白粉法可以探测船机零件的表面开口性缺陷。（50）气缸盖若存在穿透性裂纹，柴油机运行中将会出现气缸冷却水压力表指针波动现象。（51）喷油器的清洗常采用油清洗方法。（52）泵铭牌上所标出的允许吸上真空高度表示的是最大允许吸入真空高度减去0.3m水柱。（53）双作用叶片泵配油盘油窗口一端开有三角形槽是为了减轻液压冲击。（54）在拆检和装配齿轮泵时主要应注意检查齿顶与泵壳间隙。（55）液压传动装置的”四大元件”是：①控制元件；②反馈元件；③动力元件；④辅助元件。（56）油马达中，轴承完全不受径向液压力的是：①连杆式；②内曲线式；③五星轮式。（57）油马达的“爬行现象”是指其低速时输出扭矩小、低速时转速周期地脉动。（58）液压油颜色变深有异样气味，可能是水分、杂质多。（59）控制三相异步电动机起动的接触器动作后，电动机发出嗡嗡的声音，但不能运转，其原因是一相保险丝烧断。（60）空压机总是在空气压力低时能正常起动，但未到足够的高压值就停机。哪一种可能性最大？高压继电器整定值太低。（61）锚机控制线路应能满足电动机堵转60s的要求。（62）在同步发电机并车时，同步表指针沿逆时针方向较快旋转，则表示待并机的频率低，必须调整”调速控制”手柄，使待并机增速。（63）自动分级卸载的根本目的是保证主要负载连续供电。（64）船舶接岸电时，应保证主发电机脱离电网，为安全可靠、主发电机开关与岸电开关之间应设有联锁保护。（65）船舶应急照明系统中使用的灯具是白炽灯。（66）由于船舶电气设备工作条件苛刻，同陆用绝缘材料相比，还要有”三防”要求。什么是船用绝缘材料的”三防”？防湿热、防盐雾、防霉菌。（67）在中性点接地的三相四线制的系统中，将电气设备的金属外壳接到中线上，称之为保护接零（68）保持铅蓄电池通气孔畅通，注意加强蓄电池室的通风，主要目的是防爆。（69）连杆螺栓一般需要淬火+高温回火。（70）柴油机排气阀常用的材料是耐热钢。（71）压缩空气启动系统中至少有2台空压机，其中至少1台应为独立驱动。（72）齿轮泵会产生困油现象的原因是齿轮端面间隙调整不当。（73）离心泵采用封闭起动的目的是减小电动机的起动电流。（74）液压装置滤油器不使用重力分离型滤油器。（75）清洗或更换滤油器滤芯时要特别注意别忘记滤器壳体内部清洗。（76）船用液压系统换油标准中，水份含量的极限值是0.2u/o。（77） R134a不破坏臭氧层是因为它不含氯。（78）船舶柴油主机的地脚螺栓中必须装设一部分紧配螺栓，数量不应少于总数的15%，且任何情况下不应少于4个。（79）柴油机活塞上的活塞环有以下作用：①减振；②改善磨合；③刮油、布油。（80）评定雾化质量的主要指标是喷孔直径与喷孔数。（81）燃油系统中滤器堵塞时可根据滤器前后压力差变小判断。（82）自动排渣分油机排渣口跑油的原因之一是高置水箱缺水。（83）环氧树脂在船舶领域的应用有制作机座垫块。（84）消防演习时要求所有船员在听到警报信号后2分钟内到达岗位，机舱值班人员应在5分钟内开泵供水。（85）我国《海上交通安全法》适用的对象包括：①在我国沿海水域航行、停泊和作业的一切船舶、设施和人员；②①中所述船舶设施的所有人，③①中所述船舶、船式的经营人。（86）航行试验时，对调距桨应进行的实效试验中，在额定转速下，使螺距角从正满角到负角，或从负满角到正角要各进行三次，所需时间应不大于15秒。（87）若船舶有2艘救生艇，弃船时，降下救生艇后，救生艇发动机由谁操纵？二管轮、三管轮。（88）机舱值班每一成员均应具备以下知识：①使用内部通讯系统知识；②机舱内脱险途径的知识：③机舱报警系统的知识；④机舱消防设备的位置；⑤各消防设备的使用知识。（89）在船员职责分工中，三管轮应负责维护管理的设备有：锚机、绞缆机、起货机、救生艇、油水分离器、焚烧炉、锅炉（有的为二管管理）、空调（有的为大管管理）等。（90）堵漏的警报信号是二长声、一短声、连放一分钟。以下为部分英文试题，供参考：1. can you tell me about your educational background and working experience?Well ,I have been working for several shipping and manning companies in china .but I think x company is my favorite . I was registered here two years ago and I have worked for this company for two times .i am very satisfied with this company .Or I have worked as a seaman for ten years .but I have worked hard on board about 6 years . for the four years I was not on board .i just had my vacation or received training and tests .2 . what are the main duties of the third engineer ?The third engineer is usually responsible for the following :1) watch keeping from 0800 to 1200 ,and from 2000 to 2400 every day .2) operation and maintenance of other auxiliary machinery except under the charge of the second engineer .3) giving assistance to the first engineer in all technical matters .4) taking positive measures in the safe and efficient operation of all machinery ,and guarding against fire and oil pollution .5) safety produres and maintenance of all safety equipment ,and engine control system in a thoroughly efficient state .6) carrying out instructions relating to ballasting and deballasting and recording the operation .7) testing the telegragh before depature and recording all engine movement in the bell book for staying in the engine room when vessel is entering or leaving a port or when the engine is on standby or in maneuvering .8) emergency fire pump and lifeboat engine .3 .what chemicals did you use to treat the boiler water ?when you test alkalinity and acidity of water in boiler by pH test paper ? the result shows the boiler water is in acidiity . please describe what the possible cause is .I have ever used the following brand chemicals :unitor , drew and so on .We should keep the boiler water*s ph scale between 10.5 and 11.5 .If the water become of acidity ( ph scale is below 10 ) ,it is may be caused by following reasons : The water has not been given enough blow down ,or has not been filled enough alkalinity chemicals ..4 .how do you maintain emergency battery ?I should check and fill in some distilled , or electrolyzed solution (电解液) if necessary ,erase the oxide and test the gravity of the specification periodically .the record shall be made after work is done .5 .describe the procedure to start an emergency generator ?1) to check the lube oil level in the crankcance and fuel oil level in the tank .2) to see whether there is any leakage .3) to check the air pressure if the generator is air started model ; and to check the battery voltage to see whether it is normal if the generator is the battery started model 4）also to make sure there are no obstacles around the machine .6 .which machineries and spare parts should the third engineer be in charge of ?On my last vessel ,I was in charge of the following machines and the spare parts thereof :boiler , emergency batteries ,fresh water generator ,air conditions ,.refrigeration units ,electric insulations ,main switch board ,electric parts of deck machineris (winch ,windlass ,hatch cover equipment ) and some other machines as designated by the chief engineer .7 .during bunkering in the last vessel ,what were you assigned to do ?or what was your position during bunkering on your last vessel ?Just to listen to the orders from the second engineer ,but usually ,I was assigned to sound the oil level .8 .as the third engineer ,what precautions do you need take to prepare for PSC inspection ?The third engineer is responsible for the fire fighting equipment ,life saving applicances and oil pollution prevention equipment . in US , the PSC carry out strict check on this equipment .so in order to meet the inspection ,under the leadership of chief engineers and master ,I have to make a detailed checklist on these equipment to make sure that these equipment are in good order .9. what do you know about “SOPEP”?what is VRP , and what is VCP ?for the first question ,please refer to the questions and reference answers for the first engineer .VRP is vessel Response plan ; and VCP is Non-tanker vessel contingency plan .VRP is required oil pollution emergency plan made according to the requirement of oil pollution act 1990 of US ,which is a law ruling the tanker vessels sailing in the waters under the management of the US .in compliance with the legislation of the california state of the US ,all the nontanker vessels should prepare vessel contingency plan .10. what is IMO ?what is ISO 9000?what is ISM ?what is SMS system ?IMO is international maritime organization under the united nations .ISO9000 m\eans international standard organization ,an organization making the quality management standards and doing the quality audit service .ISM means international management code for the safe operation of ships and for pollution prevention .this is compulsory rule made by the IMO .The ISM code includes 16 chapters falling falling into two parts :implementation for part one ,and verification and certification for part one .the 16 chapters are : general ,safety and environment protection policy ,company responsibilities and authority ,designated persons ,master responsibility and authority ,resources and personnel ,development of plans for shipboard operation ,emergency preparedness , reports and analysis of non conformity ,accidents and hazardous occurrences , maintainence of the ship and equipment ,documentation ,companyverification ,review and evaluation ,certification and verifications and control ,certification and periodical verification ,verification ,interim certification ,and forms of certificates .the last four chapters are newly added in the new version of ISM Code .SMS means safety management system ,and this system is mad based on the 16 elements of ISM Code ,which is a compulsory part SOLAS 74 .the shipowner or manager cannot get document of compliance (DOC) and SMC without audited safety management certificate (SMC) by class designated by the flag registry country adiministration .11. when the fuel is provided by the supplier ,what specifications of the oil can you get from the supplier receipt ?The following information of the fuel shall be avalaible : density ,viscosity ,temperature as delivered ,water content ,sulfur content ,flash point and so on .12.what is the maximum blood alcohol concertration (BAC) rate on board ?According to the STCW 95 ,the BAC shall not be more than 0.08% by weight any time when being tested ,but the EFR(Code of Federal Regulation )requires the BAC to be no more than 0.04% .watch-keepers ,are not allowed to drink any alcoholic beverage 4 hours berfore their watch .13. tell us briefly about the working principles of the purifier ,the oil water seperator and air compressor .Purifier :the different gravity of two types of liquids: water and oil .the centrifugal force of the water move towards the outside of the disc while the oil ,which is smaller in gravity shall move toward the center of the disc .this makes the seperation of the two liquids .Oil water separator : (1) pump bilge water into first chamber :polymerization of the oil on the gathering plates ,(2) and then through a fine filter (15ppm) separation of water and oil ,(3)discharge of the water overboard via 15ppm monitor and the oil into oil sludge tank . Air compressor :take into the air from the outside atmosphere and compress it with the up going piston .then ,cool the compressed air .then compress the air once again until it reaches the stated pressure (depending on the air bottle allowed pressure )For the maintenance of the air compressor ,fistly ,must check to make sure that the suction valve and outlet valve to be sealed ;then make periodical lifting of the piston to make the pistons are in good condition .must check the crankcance lube oil everyday .14.why do you need to take the lube oil sample for analysis ? in the analyzing , what can you possibly find ?and if you find these substances ,what are the possible problems the engines may have ?why ?At least ,every three months ..by analyzing the samples of the lube oil ,I can find such things as metal dust ,viscosity ,and other impurities ,this is preventive measures in engine maintenance ..for example ,if I find metal (aluminum ,copper etc )inside the lube oil ,maybe something wrong with the engine and part of the engine is broken .15.how to operate incinerator ? what kind of garbage can not be thrown into incinerator ?First ,check the oil level in the sludge oil tank ,open residue cock and discharge oily water ;heating the sludge oil in the tank up to 90 cent igrade ;start the incinerator .in the beginning ,combustion sludge oil with with diesel oil ,and after the water content in sludge oil is comparatively low ,stop supplying diesel oil and use sludge oil only .attention :the temperature in combustion cannot be higher than the stipulated figures of the incinerator (usually not more than 1200 degree in centigrade ) The following garbage cannot be thrown into the incinerator :(1) any containers which have contained gases under pressure ,or aerosol cans into the incinerator .(2) the materials that may produce harmful gases or ashes .(3) the materials that may produce high temperature and prolonged incineration of such materials that may cause damage to the incinerator .16 .when you do the watch keeping in the engine room ,what should you be careful about ? I should take close watch on the fuel oil and lubricating oil condition to notice any possible problems arising from abnormal temperature ,,leakage ,or some other problems ; if hearing is seeing abnormal noises for machines ,I should make a quick judgement and report them to C/E or even master I myself cannot deal with it ,obey the rules of the company and the instruction from C/E and master and some warning from the deck department .l17. when do you have call the chief engineer to the engine room ?In emergency situations such as fire ,explosion and flooding etc ;Some other situations include :(1) if damage to or loss of function of the machinery occurs which may cause a hazard to the safe operation of the vessel (2) if a malfunction of certain equipment occurs that may cause damage or breakdown of the propulsion machinery ,auxiliary machinery ,monitoring system or speed regulating system ;(3) in situation which the engineer officer of the watch is in doubt as to which decision to make or which measure to adopt .18 .what is your position (station ) in the muster lists ,for example ,during the fire fighting ,abandon vessel ,oil pollution prevention etc ?Abandon vessel :boarding the lifeboat to manage and control the engine Fire fighting :manage and operate the emergency fire pmp .Oil pollution prevention ;collect the oil from the vessel or go down with the lifeboart to collect the oil from the sea .19 .how is the oil sample taken during bunkering ?Open the cock of the special connector of the oil pipe .drain the fuel oil to the oil sample bottle all the bunkering time . seal the bottles and request the representive of the supplier to sign his name after bunkering .never accept any oil sample taken in advance or taken without the conformation by the 2nd engineer .20 .as an engineer ,you must be familiar with SMS .can you please tell what is DP(s) and who was the DP of the company you served last time ?DP refers to the designated person in the SMS manual of a company .in my previous vessel company ,there was only one DP ,it was jack .21.if it is cold ,you will find the air conditioner compressor stop automatically ,do you know the reasons ?When it is cold ,the suction pressure should be low ,if the suction pressure is lower than the setting pressure of the pressure controller ,the compressor will stop automatically .22.what is the use of a purifier ?explain the purpose of a gravity disc ?Purifier is used to separate oil from impurities such as sludge , ash ,various salts and water existing in the oil by means of gravitational rotation (centrifuging ).gravity disc is used for the purpose of establishing the correct oil water interface depending on the oil specific gravity .23.how can you create good vacuum on the fresh water (FW) distiller ?First of all ,to create good vacuum on the FW distiller .i must make sure that the internal chamber is sealed against possible entrance of the air during operation .secondly ,the air ejector and ejector pump should be in good condition .thirdly ,some revelant valves parking should be sealed against air leakage ,lastly ,the unit should be free from scales (水垢) 。both on its condenser and heater .24.what is the use of “unloader “on main air compressor ?The unloader on air compressor is used to reduce the high starting torque during starting and also provide a means of draining out the accumulating oil water .25.why is quick closing valves important to in engine room machineries ?how are they operated ?These are pneumatically actuted valves ,hydraulic valves and hand actuated valves .they are used for the purpose of shutting and closing the valve down in remote position in case of fire or other emergency .In case of fire , a remote operated valve is actuated to supply control air leading to each valve .these valves are equipped with cylinders with rods which provide a means valve locking ,and control air supplied will activate the cylinder disengage the locking mechanism and shutting the valve .26 .explain bilge and ballast pumping through ejector ?Bilge and ballast pumping is usually carried out via ejector during the stripping process .ejector works on the principle of the venturing tube .the driving water creates a vacuum which is responsible in drawing out the remaining bilge or ballast in the tank .27.are you experienced with following machines or operation ? I am experienced with the unmanned (or unattended) engine room ,controllable pitch propeller ,twin engine with clutch ,and MK5 main engine overhaul ,main engine hearing and crankpin hearing overhaul ,boiler overhaul and safety equipment survey . .28.what are usually contained in a repair list ?Such items are included in the repair list :repairing items ,specifications , material properties of mechanical parts ,requirement of repair and so on .29.What causes the lube oil pressure of the engine to drop ?Lube oil temperature is too high , the level in the oil sump is too low ,the oil pipe leakage or the lube oil pump is abnormal .30. if you make some mistakes as you put down the figures in the engine logbook , what will you do ?First ,I should underline the mistakes ,then rewrite them ,and at last sign my name .31.how is a current produced ? Basically ,a coil of wire rotating in a magnetic .field produces a current .32 .in what condition is a power factor is one ?The power factor is a measure of the phase difference between voltage and current and is expressed as the cosine of the phase angle .with a purely resistance load the voltage and current are in phase ,and the power factor gives one at this time .33.how can you be a good junior officer on board ? and how would you maintain good relation with your senior offices and other crew ?Well ,I think I must be very obediient and cooperative when I am assigned jobs .second ,I must work as hard as possible to finish the jobs assigned tome .third , I think I must show high respect to my superiors .To keep good relation with my superiors and other crew ,it is important for me to have teamwork spirit .besides ,more tolerance should be offered to others .lastly ,be strict with myself .34 和考官道别的英语 thank you very much for you kindness in taking time to interview me .i am really very interested in the job and your great company .35 幽默风趣的回答 are you married ?why do you want to be a seaman ?No ,not yet .but I have got a girlfriend .i wont marry until I finish one year working on board .money can make me more handsome and attractive to my wife .this is why I want to work for a year and get some money before I marry my girl friend .36 不要问及考官个人隐私或者公司的商业机密 if you do want to know the answer ,I will let you know ;if you do not mind ,I would rather keep it a secret .
