Introduction 部分要对论文研究的领域做一简要介绍，要涉及研究的意义，现在的问题在哪里，你是如何去解决问题的。一般先从大面上说起，然后再转到你研究的课题，再阐明现在的问题是什么，及你是如何去研究这个问题的。这些一般都是比较简要的描述，详细的探讨通常放在Discussion 部分进行。在Introduction 部分你要回答以下几个问题，并把这几个问题作为粗略提纲列出来。通过文献检索，根据自己的知识积累，逐步丰富:
1. 对某个领域现在是什么情况;
2.研究这个课题的意义;
3.存在的问题是什么;
4.本文是如何来进一步深入研究的。
从字数上来看，主要部分是文献综述。这需要较广的文献知识，并且每个阐述都要有文献来源。比如你写了十个句子来描述课题已有的知识，至少要有十个以上的文献来源。文献要与自己的科研有关，在写作时，手头上最好有10~20篇与课题密切相关的文献。阅读这些有关文献，看其他作者是如何组织科研背景介绍的。
描述研究本课题的必要性时，一句或最多两句话就可以。根据实验结果写前言，有目的的写，需要什么样的新结果。结尾可以用三句话: 我们做了什么，发现了什么和科研的意义。
Introduction 开头的几句话要使用题目中的关键词，以便使文章直接进入主题，把读者引入到你的研究课题中去，不要写与主题无关的字句。比如文章的题目是“A New Strategy to Improve the Production Yield of Insulin”，开头的第一句话中就应有Insulin。接下来就简要介绍课题的背景知识，也就是描述文献研究。然后提出现在的问题或缺陷在哪里，作者是如何进一步去研究的。
Introduction 的写法上最常出现的有两种格式。一种是先描述某个领域的进展情况，再转到存在的问题，然后阐述作者是如何去研究和寻找答案的。现举一个简单的例子:
Heatshock proteins (HSP) are induced when a cell undergoes various types of environmental stresses like heat,cold and oxygen deprivation.They are involved in a variety of biological functions,such as protein folding,translocation,and immune presentation.
....(中间添加具体文献研究结果，然后转入现在的问题是什么)
However,the exact mechanism of how they exert their biological functions remains unclear.In this study,we carried out kinetic experiments to investigate the conformational changes in the structure of HSP's substrates.
另一种是直接从描述研究的课题的意义下手,然后阐述作者是如何去研究的，例如：
Early diagnosis is critical in cancer treatment and cure.In the case of breast cancer,the survival rate was increased dramatically when therapeutic drugs were administered in the early stages of the cancer.
......(中间添加具体文献研究结果)
To address the need for early diagnosis of breast cancer patients,we have developed two sensitive and specific immunoassays to qualify protein Y activity and protein Y concentrations in both urine and plasma.
前言部分的写作可以采用先搭架子，再添加材料的模式。架子有三部分组成，第一部分描述课题背景，第二部分写为什么需要进一步研究，第三部分写做了什么。论文写作先写实验结果后写前言的好处是，前言可以依照结果部分组织，达到前后对应，连贯一致的目的。
英文写作中可以简单地按照如下格式:
Starts with background description,followed by'xxxx remains unknown',“xxxx is less studied','there is a need to xxxx'.Therefore,'we investigated xxxx*'We found that xxx' and'our results provides insights (unique method) to xxx'
下面通过剖析一些论文的前言部分，介绍如何组织三个方面，写出篇流畅的前言。
例1.
Six Cloned Calves Produced from Adult Fibroblast Cells after Long-term Culture
Introduction
Genetic manipulation of mouse embryonic stem cells has revolutionized mouse genetic research.However,embryonic stem cells are not available in other species.Fortunately,animal cloning using cultured somatic cells offers the possibility of targeted genetic manipulations like those performed in the mouse,those somatic cells remain competent for cloning after prolonged culture.Live clones have been obtained from adult somatic cells in sheep (1),mice(2),and cows(3,4).Furthermore, transgenic animals have been produced by cloning gene -transfected fetal somatic donor cells (5,6) (开始先介绍动物克隆的现状).
However,to date,successful somatic cell cloning has been largely limited to the Use of the donor cells either fiesh (2),or after short-tem(under 10 passages) in vitro culture( I,3-6),which would not allow targeted gene manipulations(然后用however这个转折词，写出现在的不足之处)
This stud was conduced to test the cloning competence of skin fibroblast cells after prolonged in vitro culture,using an aged(17-year-old) elite bull.In this paper,we report that normal live clones were produced from cultured adult somatic cells in a cattle model after up to 3 months of culture (passage 15).Our finding offerspromise for producing site-specific genetically modified animals such as'gene knockout' animals by somatic cell cloning (第三段写我们做了什么，发现了什么和科研的意义）
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