英语单词发音规则

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英语单词发音规则开闭音节的概念

开音节

1）以发音的元音字母结尾的单节。 例：be，he。

2）以辅音字母（r 除外）+不发音的e结尾的音节。 例：make，like。

* 在重读的开音节中元音字母按字母名称读音。

闭音节

以一个或几个辅音字母（r 除外）结尾而中间只有一个元音字母的音节，称为闭音节。例：map，desk，is。

* 在重读的闭音节中元音字母读做短元音。

一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音

元音字母

读 音 例 词

a在开音节中 [ei]name plane Jane baby cake

在闭音节中 [æ]bag dad hat map black back

e在开音节中 [i:]he these me Chinese

在闭音节中 [e]bed let pen desk yes egg

i在开音节中 [ai]bike fly drive time nice kite

在闭音节中 [i]fish big drink sit milk swim

o在开音节中 [ou]those close go hoe home no

在闭音节中 [C]clock not box shop sock

u在开音节中 [ju:]student excuse duty Tuesday

在闭音节中 [Λ]bus cup jump much lunch

在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音，例如：June blue ruler super

三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音

元音字母 读 音 例 词

a在[w]音后面 [C]want what watch wash quality

a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 [α:]after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father

i在-nd -ld和gh前 [ai]find child light high

o在-st -ld前 [ou]most postcard old cold

o在m n v th前 [Λ]come monkey love mother

二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音

元音字母

读 音 例 词

a [E]E China another woman breakfast

[i] orange comrade village cabbage

e [E] hundred student open weekend

[i] chicken pocket begin children

i [E]/[i] holiday beautiful family animal

[ai] exercise satellite

o [E] second tonight somebody welcome

[Eu] also zero photo

u [E] autumn difficult

[ju:] popular congratulation January

动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[ei]音，例如：operate

u处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母j l r s后面时，读[u(:)]音，例如：July influence February issue

在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[E]音，也可以读作[i]音。

四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组 读 音 例 词

ar

ar在[w]音后面 [α:]car farm dark sharpener

[C:]warm quarter towards

or

or在[w]音后面 [C:]forty morning short

[E:]word worker worse

er ir ur [E:]certainly bird Thursday

辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如：carry sorry hurry

-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[E]音，例如：dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday

五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组

读 音 例 词

are [εE]care dare hare

ere [iE]here mere

ire [aiE]fire hire wire

ure [juE]pure cure

are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读[E]音，例如：picture pleasure

重读元音字母加Rr，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母Rr读[r]音。

例如：parent zero story during inspirng

某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。

例如：orange very American paragraph

六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组

读 音 例 词

ai/ay [ei]afraid rain wait day play

air [εE]air hair chair pair repair

alal在f m前 [C] small ball talk wall all

[C:l]always also salt almost

[α:]half calm

au/aw [C:]autumn daughter draw

ea [i:]teach easy cheap please

[e]heavy bread sweater weather

[ei] break great

ear [iE] hear dear near clear year

[εE] bear pear wear swear

[E:] earth learn early

ee [i:]jeep week green three

eer [iE]pioneer deer beer

ei/ey [ei]eight neighbour they

[i:]either key

eu/ew在

j l r s后 [ju:]new few newspaper

[u:] flew brew jewelry

ie/ei[s]音之后 [i:]piece field receive

oa [ou]coat Joan boat goal

oar/oor [C:] roar board door floor

oi/oy [Ci]noise point boy toilet

oo [u:]broom food tooth school

[u]book look cook foot good

ou/ow [au]flower house count down

[ou] know row throw though

[Λ]young country enough

[u:] group you soup

our [C:] course your four

[auE] our hour ours

[E:] journey

ui

在j l r s后 [ju:i] fluid suicide tuition

[u:] juice fruit suit

七、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音

元音字组或字群 读 音 例 词

ai/ay ei/ey [i] Sunday foreign monkey

ow [ou] yellow sparrow tomorrow

元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音或[i]。

例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee

-sion -tion [Fn] impression nation

-sion在元音字母后 [Vn] vision decision occasion

-tion在s后 [tFEn] question suggestion

-sten [sn] listen

-stle [sl] whistle

-sure [VE] pleasure measure

-ture [tFE] picture culture

八、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音

复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。

例如：

everyday[ei] handbag[æ] 　 blackboard[C:]

有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义，融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。

例如：

sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 ＞ Sunday[i] 星期天

holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 ＞ holiday[i] 假日

break中断 + fast[α:]斋戒 ＞ breakfast[E] 早餐

cup茶杯 + board木板[C:] ＞ cupboard[E] 碗柜

九、辅字组的读音

辅字组

读 音 例 词

b [b] bike bus bag

[/] bomb tomb

c

c在e前或在i/y前 [k] cake picture coat music

[s] face decide cinema

ch [tF] much chick rich teacher

[k] school headache chemistry

[F] machine

-ck [k] cock pocket black knock

d [d] doctor bread hand day

-dge [dV] bridge fridge

dr- [dr] children driver drink

f [f] five four breakfast

g

g在e i/y前 [^] bag garden go

[dV] orange large German

gh [f] cough enough

[/] light daughter high

gu- -gue

gu在非重读音节中 [^] guess league dialogue

[^w] language anguish

h [h] hot head house hand

[/] hour honest

j [dV] jeep jar joke join July

k [k] kind bike skate make week

kn- [n] knife know knock

l [l] life milk school tall

m [m] monkey come autumn

-mn [m] autumn column solemn

n

n在[k] [g]音前 [n] not shine ten note

[N] uncle thank hungry

-ng [N] morning young wrong

p [p] paper plane pig ship pen

ph [f] elephant photo telephone

q [k] Iraq

qu- [kw] quality quite

r [r] red rubber ruler

s在词首或清辅音前

元音字母间或浊辅音前 [s] sit sleep desk

[z] music husband

sc- [sk] scarlet

[s] muscle science

sh [F] she fish shirt wash

t在通常情况下

在弱读字母ia ie io前 [t] ten letter meet

[F] patient nation

tch [tF] watch

th在通常情况下

在冠词 代词 介词 连词中

在词尾-the -ther中 [θ] thin thirty method

[T] the these with than

[T] clothe fathe r weather

tr- [tr] tree train country truck

v [v] very voice love leave

w [w] week win wake sweet wait

[/] Answer two

wh-

wh-在字母o前 [w] what when white why

[h] who whose whole

x

在重读元音前 [ks] box text exercise

[gz] example exist exact

wr- [r] write

y- [j] yes yard yellow young

z [z] puzzle zero zoo