问:An even-tempered man, Paul nevertheless became extremely angry when he
heard what had happened. 句中的 an even-tempered man, 是前置同位语,还是前置
状语?
答:这个句子的意思是:保罗是一个性情温和的人,但当他听到发生了的事吗,不禁大为
火。
前置的 an even-tempered man 是主语 Paul 的同位语。主语的同位语,通常置于主语后面,
前后用逗号点开。你的问句子正常情况下,应该是:
Paul, an even-tempered man, nevertheless became extremely angry when he heard
what had happened.
但有时为了强调或出于句子平衡需要,也可将说明主语的同位语前置。An appositive
phrase usually follows the word it explains or identifies, but it may also precede it.
例句:
A bold innovator, Wassily Kandinsky is known for his colorful abstract paintings.
瓦西里·康定斯基是一位大胆的创新者,以其丰富多彩的抽象画而闻名。
A past stranger to injuries and bookings, Wayne is steady in defense and a bundle
of energy going forward where fourteen goals two season back beat the tally from
his whole career before.
过去他是个与伤病无缘的人,布里奇在防守中是稳健的,而且他还有很大的潜力去进步,过
去两个赛季他进了十四球,这超过了他之前整个职业球员生涯的总和。
A former fortress and royal palace, the Louvre is one of the world's most
awe-inspiring museums, a trove of history from the seventh century B.C. to the
mid-19th century.
卢浮宫之前曾为要塞和皇家宫殿,现在是世界上最让人惊叹的博物馆之一,这里有着上至公
元前七世纪、下至19世纪中期的历史宝藏。
An American heavy cruiser, the San Diego had met her fate in 1918 as she escorted
cargo ships about ten miles south of Fre Island.
圣迭戈哥号是一艘美国重型巡洋舰,在1918年为一批货船护航时在火岛南十英里处的遇难
的。
主语是人称代词时,其同位语常需放在前面,因为人称代词太短,若放在后面会影响句子平衡
感。
例句:
A teacher and a mother, she had to see to homework and housework at the same
time.
她既是教师,又是妈妈,得同时管学生的作业和自己的家务。
Formerly a worker himself, he was now a famous engineer.
他过去是工人,现在是闻名的工程师了。
Once a very rich man, he is now down and out and must depend upon his friends for
help.
他曾是一个很富的人, 现在完全潦倒了, 必须靠朋友周济.
A skilful hand at improving tools, he helped to make a new type of cutter.
他是改革工具的能手,帮助制造了一种新型刀具。
形容词短语也可位于句前说明或修饰主语,与名词短语位于句前说明或修饰主语很相似,但在
语法术语上称形容词短语作伴随状语,两者容易混淆,但两者都是主语的 modifier。
例句:
Strong, proud and united, the people of St Petersburg are the modern heroes of
Russian.
圣彼得堡的人民坚强、自豪、团结一致、他们是当代的俄罗斯英雄。
Happy and gay, the brook runs onward, humming day and night.
欢快的小溪地,日夜哼哼唱唱,不分昼夜,不停地向前奔流。
Cheerful, efficient and warm-hearted, they will do everything to make your journey
smooth and comfortable.
他们乐观,能干,热情,一定会想方设法使你一路顺风。
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