【推荐理由】 随着人口老龄化加剧，老年人的家庭照顾需求和家庭照顾负担不断增加。家庭成员作为照顾者往往面临着慢性压力，经常面临着很高照护负担、经济压力以及处理工作和照看任务的困难。感知社会支持在心理弹性和照顾者负担间的关系中所起的调节和/或中介作用知之甚少。（变量间简单的中介/调节作用，希望可以给大家一点启发。）Ong HL, Vaingankar JA, Abdin E, Sambasivam R, Fauziana R, Tan ME, Chong SA, Goveas RR, Chiam PC, Subramaniam M. Resilience and burden in caregivers of older adults: moderating and mediating effects of perceived social support. BMC Psychiatry. 2018 Jan 31;18(1):27. 老年人照顾者的心理弹性和照顾负担：领悟社会支持的调节和中介作用
Background研究背景The burden of caring for an older adult can be a form of stress and influence caregivers’ daily lives and health. Previous studies have reported that resilience and social support play an important role in reducing physical and psychological burden in caregivers. Thus, the present study aimed to examine whether perceived social support served as a possible protective factor of burden among caregivers of older adults in Singapore using moderation and mediation effects’ models.照顾老年人的负担可能是一种压力，影响照顾者的日常生活和健康。先前的研究已经报道，心理弹性和社会支持在减轻照顾者的身体和心理负担方面发挥着重要作用。Objective研究目的The present study aimed to examine whether perceived social support served as a possible protective factor of burden among caregivers of older adults in Singapore using moderation and mediation effects’ models.本研究的目的是使用调节和中介效应模型来检验感知社会支持是否作为新加坡老年人照顾负担的一个可能的保护因素。Design研究设计We conducted a cross-sectional study with 285 caregivers providing care to older adults aged 60 years and above who were diagnosed with physical and/or mental illness in Singapore.我们进行了一项横断面研究，有285名照顾者为新加坡60岁及以上被诊断患有身体和/或精神疾病的老年人提供护理。Participants and Setting研究对象To be eligible for the study, the caregiver had to be a Singapore citizen or permanent resident, aged 21 – 65 years, able to read and under- stand the questionnaire which was available in the English language, and currently providing care to an older adult aged 60 years and above. We excluded informal caregivers whose care-recipients were staying in nursing homes from the study. Two hundred eighty-five informal caregivers who were providing care to an older adult with or without physical and/or mental illness completed the questionnaire. These participants were either referred by the psychiatrists treating care recipients at the Institute of Mental Health (IMH), or had participated in a previous study titled the Well-being of the Singapore (WiSE) study as an informant, and given their consent at that time to be re-contacted to participate in future research studies.要符合这项研究的条件，照顾者必须是新加坡公民或永久居民，年龄在21-65岁之间，能够阅读和理解英文问卷，目前正在为60岁及以上的老年人提供护理。我们从研究中排除了那些为住在养老机构的老年人提供照护的非正式照顾者。285名为患有或不患有身体和/或精神疾病的老年人提供护理的非正式照顾者完成了问卷调查。Method研究方法We conducted a cross-sectional study with self-reported data from informal caregivers of older adults across Singapore. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) was used to measure resilience and burden was measured by the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) was used to measure perceived social support. Hayes’ PROCESS macro was used to test moderation and mediation effects of perceived social support in the relationship between resilience and burden after controlling for sociodemographic variables. Indirect effects were tested using bootstrapped confidence intervals (CI).我们用新加坡各地老年人的非正式照顾者的自我报告数据进行了一项横断面研究。采用Connor-Davidson心理弹性量表(CD-RISC)测量心理弹性，Zarit照护负担量表(ZBI)测量照顾负担。采用领悟社会支持多维度量表(MSPSS)测量领悟社会支持。控制了社会人口统计变量后，采用Hayes的PROCESS程序检验了领悟社会支持在心理弹性与照顾负担关系中的调节和中介作用。间接效应用bootstrapped法计算可信区间(CI)。Results研究结果The mean scores observed were CD-RISC: 70.8/100 (SD = 15.1), MSPSS: 62.2/84 (SD = 12.2), and ZBI: 23.2/88 (SD = 16.0) respectively. While perceived social support served as a full mediator between resilience and caregiver burden (β = − 0.14, 95% CI -0.224 to − 0.072, p < 0.05), it did not show a significant moderating effect.心理弹性、领悟社会支持和照顾者负担的平均得分分别为：70.8/100(SD=15.1)， 62.2/84(SD=12.2) 和23.2/88(SD=16.0)。领悟社会支持在心理弹性和照顾者负担之间起完全中介作用(β=−0.14，95%CI-0.224至−0.072，p<0.05)，但并未显示出显著的调节作用
Conclusions研究结论Perceived social support mediates the association between resilience and caregiver burden among caregivers of older adults in Singapore. It is crucial for healthcare professionals, particularly those who interact and deliver services to assist caregivers, to promote and identify supportive family and friends’ network that may help to address caregiver burden.感知社会支持在新加坡老年人照顾者心理弹性和照顾者负担之间起中介作用。对于医疗保健专业人员，特别是那些互动并提供服务以帮助照顾者的人来说，促进和确定支持性的家人和朋友的网可能有助于解决照顾者的负担是至关重要的。
