新目标英语八年级下册知识讲解包括练习题 Unit 7-8 新目标英语八年级下册知识讲解包括练习题 Unit 7-8
Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?
【单元目标】
Ⅰ．单词与短语
mind dish task clothing poster
solution annoy line return voice
etiquette normal Asian Europe allow
public impolite cough smoke sneeze
criticize drop litter behave perhaps
polite uncomfortable
not at all 一点也不 turn down 调节(收音机等)使音量变小
right away 立刻；马上 wait in line 排队等候
cut in line 插队 keep down 控制
at first 首先 break the rule 不服从；不遵守
put out 熄灭 put on 穿上
pick up 捡起 even if 即使
Ⅱ．目标句型：
1. Would you mind doing…? 2. Do you mind doing…?
3. Could / Can / Will / May you please do…? 4. Would you mind not doing…?
5. Not at all. I’ll do it right away. 6. Sorry，I’ll do it right away.
7. Please do / don’t… 8. You’d better do…
Ⅲ．重点句型
1. Would you mind turning down the music?
2. whether和if引导从句的用法。
3. get的用法
【重难点分析】
1. Would you mind…?和Do you mind…? 用于询问或请求别人做某事，或请求他人的许可。
(1)mind后面可以用-ing形式，复合结构 one’s doing或if引导的从句。
例如：
Would you mind doing the dishes? ＝ Do you mind doing the dishes？
＝ Please do the dishes.
请把餐具洗了好吗? (表示请求别人做事)
Would you mind turning down the radio?
＝ Do you mind turning down the radio?请把收音机关小点好吗？
(2)Would you mind my doing…? = Do you mind if I do…?
这个句型用于询问他人意见或请求他人的许可。
例如：
Would you mind my smoking here？
＝ Do you mind if I smoke here?你介意我在这里吸烟吗？
Would you mind my asking you a question?
＝ Do you mind if I ask you a question?我问你一个问题好吗？
Would you mind my opening the window?
＝Do you mind my opening the window?
＝ Can I open the window?我可以开窗吗?
注意：
在美国口语中还可以将这个句型用Would you mind me doing sth.？来表达，但是在书面表达中要用
my。
Would you mind me using your car? 我用一下你的车好吗？
(3)询问有关人们感觉的一般性问题，可以用Do you mind…?通常不用Would you mind…?
如：
Do you mind people smoking in your house? 你介意别人在你家里吸烟吗?
这里不能说Would you mind people smoking in your house?
(4)这个句型的否定形式是在mind后加not，即Would you mind not…?或Do you mind not…?
如：
Would you mind not playing basketball here? 你不要在这打篮球好吗？
Would you mind not wearing those old jeans?
(5)回答Do／Would you mind…? 提出的问题时，表示允许要说No或Not at all等；
如果介意要做肯定回答Yes. 或Yes，I’m sorry，but I do.等，
如：
--Do you mind if I ask you a question? 我可以问你的一个问题吗?
--No，please do.可以，请问吧。
2. 通常既可用whether 也可用if 表示“是否”来引导从句，常置于see，ask，learn，tell，wonder，
doubt，find out等动词之后。
如：
I'm not sure whether /if I'll have time. 我不敢肯定我是否会有时间。
He asked me whether/if I could help him.
I want to know whether/if he lives there.
只能使用whether的场合
(1)只有whether能用在介词后面
如：
Success depends on whether we make enough effort.
(2)在英语中与or (not) 连用的词通常是whether
如：
Whether we help him or not，he will fail. 不论我们帮助他与否，他都将失败。
(3)带to的动词不定式前用whether，而不用if
如：
Please tell us whether to go or stay here.请告诉我们是走还是留。
They didn’t know whether to agree or keep silent. 他们不知道是应该同意还是保持沉默。
(4)whether可置于句首引导主语从句，而if不能
如：
Whether the meeting will be in Beijing is not known yet. 会议是否在北京举行还不得而知。
It's not sure whether he is free. 他是否有时间不确定。
3. get on / get off ( a / the bus，train，boat，plane) 上/下（公共汽车、火车、船、飞机）
如：
She got on / off the bus quickly.
get on还可以表示为：相处融洽、继续。
如：
Get on with your work! 继续工作吧！
I get on well with all my classmates. 我和所有的同学相处都很融洽。
get的其它的用法：
(1)表示“到达，抵达”，如果后接表示到达某地的名词，get后面要接介词to，如果get后接的是地点副词
就可以直接在get后使用。
如：
She got there at six.
她六点钟到达那里。（there为地点副词）
When we got to the station， the bus was waiting.
当我们到达车站时，汽车还在等着。（the station是名词）
(2)get sth. done使；受；让人做好；经历；让；做（该做的事）
如：
I'll just get these dishes washed and then I'll come. 我得把盘子洗了，然后就来。
I must get the television fixed. 我必须请人修理一下这台电视机。
(3)get与宾语+形容词连用，其意思是“使某物/某人成为”
如：
I got my feet wet. 我把脚弄湿了。
It's time to get the kids ready for school. 该给孩子们收拾好去上学了。
(4)成为
如：
My hands are getting cold. 我的手冷。
The food's getting cold. 菜凉了。
This skirt is getting dirty；it needs washing. 这件短裙脏了，该洗一洗了。
He is getting old. 他渐渐老了。
(5)获得，取得
如：
I must get some fruit in the market. 我得在市场上买点水果。
I'll get something to eat before I got out. 我出去之前要找点东西吃。 新目标英语八年级下册知识讲解包括练习题 Unit 7-8
Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?
【单元目标】
Ⅰ．单词与短语
mind dish task clothing poster
solution annoy line return voice
etiquette normal Asian Europe allow
public impolite cough smoke sneeze
criticize drop litter behave perhaps
polite uncomfortable
not at all 一点也不 turn down 调节(收音机等)使音量变小
right away 立刻；马上 wait in line 排队等候
cut in line 插队 keep down 控制
at first 首先 break the rule 不服从；不遵守
put out 熄灭 put on 穿上
pick up 捡起 even if 即使
Ⅱ．目标句型：
1. Would you mind doing…? 2. Do you mind doing…?
3. Could / Can / Will / May you please do…? 4. Would you mind not doing…?
5. Not at all. I’ll do it right away. 6. Sorry，I’ll do it right away.
7. Please do / don’t… 8. You’d better do…
Ⅲ．重点句型
1. Would you mind turning down the music?
2. whether和if引导从句的用法。
3. get的用法
【重难点分析】
1. Would you mind…?和Do you mind…? 用于询问或请求别人做某事，或请求他人的许可。
(1)mind后面可以用-ing形式，复合结构 one’s doing或if引导的从句。
例如：
Would you mind doing the dishes? ＝ Do you mind doing the dishes？
＝ Please do the dishes.
请把餐具洗了好吗? (表示请求别人做事)
Would you mind turning down the radio?
＝ Do you mind turning down the radio?请把收音机关小点好吗？
(2)Would you mind my doing…? = Do you mind if I do…?
这个句型用于询问他人意见或请求他人的许可。
例如：
Would you mind my smoking here？
＝ Do you mind if I smoke here?你介意我在这里吸烟吗？
Would you mind my asking you a question?
＝ Do you mind if I ask you a question?我问你一个问题好吗？
Would you mind my opening the window?
＝Do you mind my opening the window?
＝ Can I open the window?我可以开窗吗?
注意：
在美国口语中还可以将这个句型用Would you mind me doing sth.？来表达，但是在书面表达中要用
my。
Would you mind me using your car? 我用一下你的车好吗？
(3)询问有关人们感觉的一般性问题，可以用Do you mind…?通常不用Would you mind…?
如：
Do you mind people smoking in your house? 你介意别人在你家里吸烟吗?
这里不能说Would you mind people smoking in your house?
(4)这个句型的否定形式是在mind后加not，即Would you mind not…?或Do you mind not…?
如：
Would you mind not playing basketball here? 你不要在这打篮球好吗？
Would you mind not wearing those old jeans?
(5)回答Do／Would you mind…? 提出的问题时，表示允许要说No或Not at all等；
如果介意要做肯定回答Yes. 或Yes，I’m sorry，but I do.等，
如：
--Do you mind if I ask you a question? 我可以问你的一个问题吗?
--No，please do.可以，请问吧。
2. 通常既可用whether 也可用if 表示“是否”来引导从句，常置于see，ask，learn，tell，wonder，
doubt，find out等动词之后。
如：
I'm not sure whether /if I'll have time. 我不敢肯定我是否会有时间。
He asked me whether/if I could help him.
I want to know whether/if he lives there.
只能使用whether的场合
(1)只有whether能用在介词后面
如：
Success depends on whether we make enough effort.
(2)在英语中与or (not) 连用的词通常是whether
如：
Whether we help him or not，he will fail. 不论我们帮助他与否，他都将失败。
(3)带to的动词不定式前用whether，而不用if
如：
Please tell us whether to go or stay here.请告诉我们是走还是留。
They didn’t know whether to agree or keep silent. 他们不知道是应该同意还是保持沉默。
(4)whether可置于句首引导主语从句，而if不能
如：
Whether the meeting will be in Beijing is not known yet. 会议是否在北京举行还不得而知。
It's not sure whether he is free. 他是否有时间不确定。
3. get on / get off ( a / the bus，train，boat，plane) 上/下（公共汽车、火车、船、飞机）
如：
She got on / off the bus quickly.
get on还可以表示为：相处融洽、继续。
如：
Get on with your work! 继续工作吧！
I get on well with all my classmates. 我和所有的同学相处都很融洽。
get的其它的用法：
(1)表示“到达，抵达”，如果后接表示到达某地的名词，get后面要接介词to，如果get后接的是地点副词
就可以直接在get后使用。
如：
She got there at six.
她六点钟到达那里。（there为地点副词）
When we got to the station， the bus was waiting.
当我们到达车站时，汽车还在等着。（the station是名词）
(2)get sth. done使；受；让人做好；经历；让；做（该做的事）
如：
I'll just get these dishes washed and then I'll come. 我得把盘子洗了，然后就来。
I must get the television fixed. 我必须请人修理一下这台电视机。
(3)get与宾语+形容词连用，其意思是“使某物/某人成为”
如：
I got my feet wet. 我把脚弄湿了。
It's time to get the kids ready for school. 该给孩子们收拾好去上学了。
(4)成为
如：
My hands are getting cold. 我的手冷。
The food's getting cold. 菜凉了。
This skirt is getting dirty；it needs washing. 这件短裙脏了，该洗一洗了。
He is getting old. 他渐渐老了。
(5)获得，取得
如：
I must get some fruit in the market. 我得在市场上买点水果。
I'll get something to eat before I got out. 我出去之前要找点东西吃。
【习题检测】
一. 单项选择
1. — May I help you? You have lots of things to carry.
— Would you mind ______ for me?
A. carrying these books
B. carry these books
C. to carry these books
D. will carry these books
2. — Will you come to the net bars(网吧)with me？
— Sorry．My mother always tells me ____ there．
A．not go B．go C．not to go D．to go
3. The old man wondered ____.
A．whether the American pilot had seen UFO B．whether had the American pilot seen UFO
C．how had the American pilot seen UFO D．that the American pilot had seen UFO
4. _________ he left here?
A. Do you think when
B. When do you think
C. Do you think how long
D. How long do you think
5. — We are going to have a picnic tomorrow. What's the weather like，Mike?
— Why not ____ the radio and listen to the weather report?
A．turn on B．turn off C．take away D．find out
6. — Do you mind if I sit here? — ______. It's for Mr. Brown.
A. Not at all B. Never mind C. Better not D. Of course not
7. — Can you write a letter in English? — No，I ____.
A．may not B．mustn't C．can't D．needn't
8.“Help ____ to some meat，Mary，”my aunt said to me.
A．themselves B．ourselves C．yourself D．himself
9. He asked ____ they needed some more tea.
A．that B．what C．whether D．which
10. Wei Fang is young，but she plays ping-pong ____ her mother.
A．as good as B．as well as C．as better as D．as best as
11. Could you ____，please? It's too loud.
A．turn down the radio B．turn on the radio C．turn on the TV D．turn it on
二. 选择正确的词组，用其正确形式填空
put on annoy put out not at all behave
1. Please ______ the light before you go to bed.
2. The boy ______ very well last night.
3. I was _____ by his bad manners.
4. — Thank you very much — _______.
5. It is quite cold here. You'd better ____ your coat.
三. 完型填空
Miss Richards was a teacher at a school for boys and girls. She 1 chemistry and physics from the lowest to the highest classes in the 2 . Sometimes the new classes 3 rapidly，but sometimes they were very 4 ，and then Miss Richard's had to 5 things many times.
One year，the first class had been studying chemistry for several 6 when Miss Richards suddenly asked，“What is water? Who knows? 7 up?”
There was silence (沉默) for a few seconds，and miss Richards felt saddened(难过)，but then one boy 8 his hand.
“Yes，Dick?”said Miss Richards encouragingly(鼓励地). He was not one of the brightest children in the class，so she was 9 that he could answer.
“Water is a liquid which has no 10 until you wash your hands in it，Miss. Then it turns black，”the boy replied with great confidence(信心).
1. A．teaches B．teaching C．taught D．teach
2. A．schooling B．school C．schools D．home
3. A．learned B．learning C．had been learned D．were learned
4. A．slow B．being slow C．slowly D．slowest
5. A．repeated B．repeating C．do D．repeat
6. A．years B．minutes C．weeks D．seconds
7. A．Put B．Hands C．Get D．Look
8. A．lows B．ride C．raised D．put
9. A．sad B．glad C．angry D．hungry
10. A．colour B．colourful C．colourless D．with colour
四. 阅读理解
We spent a day in the country and picked a lot of flowers. Our car was full of flowers inside! On the way home we had to stop at traffic lights，and there my wife saw the bookshelf.
It stood outside a furniture（家具）shop.“Buy it，”she said at once.“We’ll carry it home on the roof-rack（车顶架）. I’ve always wanted one like that.”
What could I do? Ten minutes later I was twenty dollars poorer，and the bookshelf was tied on to the roof rack. It was tall and narrow，quite heavy too.
As it was getting darker，I drove slowly. Other drivers seemed more polite than usual that evening. The police even stopped traffic to let us through. Carrying furniture was a good idea.
After a time my wife said，“There’s a long line of cars behind. Why don’t they overtake（超车）?”
Just at that time a police car did overtake. The two officers（警官）inside looked at us seriously when they went past. But then， with a kind smile they asked us to follow their car through the busy traffic. The police car stopped at our village church（教堂）. One of the officers came to me.
“Right，sir，”he said.“Do you need any more help now?”
I didn’t quite understand.“Thanks，officer，”I said.“You’ve been very kind. I live just down the road.”
He was looking at our things: first at the flowers，then at the bookshelf.“Well，well，” he said and laughed. “It’s a bookshelf you’ve got there! We thought it was——er，something else.”
My wife began to laugh. Suddenly I understood why the police drove here. I smiled at the officer. “Yes， it’s a bookshelf，but thanks again.” I drove home as fast as I could.
1．From the story we know that ________.
A．the writer was poor and didn’t buy the bookshelf for his wife
B．the writer’s wife didn’t like the bookshelf at all
C．the writer was always glad to buy something for his wife
D．the writer was not very glad to buy the bookshelf for his wife
2．What made the writer think that carrying furniture was “a good idea”?
A．He could drive slowly and it was safe.
B．Other drivers would let him go first.
C．His wife could use a new bookshelf.
D．He could save a lot of money and time.
3．Why were the police and other drivers so kind to the writer?
A．Because they thought the writer liked studying very much and needed a bookshelf.
B．Because they didn’t think it was polite to overtake a car with a bookshelf on it.
C．Because they thought somebody in the writer’s family had died and he needed help.
D．Because they thought it was dangerous to carry a bookshelf on a car.
4．Why did the writer’s wife begin to laugh?
A．Because now she knew what mistake the police had made.
B．Because at last her husband understood why the police had driven to the church.
C．Because the officer was always looking at the flowers and the bookshelf.
D．Because the police had helped them a lot.
5．When did the officers begin to realize（意识到）they had made a mistake?
A．Before they arrived at the church.
B．Before they overtook（overtake的过去式）the writer’s car.
C．After one of them looked at the flowers and the bookshelf carefully at the church.
D．After the writer’s family left the church.
五. 完成句子，每空一词
1. 不要在床上看书， 这对你的眼睛有害。
Don't read in bed. ______ bad ______ your eyes.
2. 胡先生每天花半小时吃午饭。
It ______ Mr Hu half an hour ______ have lunch every day.
3. 如果你努力一些， 你就会赶上你的同学们。
If you works harder, you'll ______ with your classmates.
4. 我正想睡觉，你能把音乐声关小吗？
I'm _______to sleep，________ you _________ the music，please?
5. 交通局想要车主付一大笔罚款。
The ministry of communications wanted the car’s owner to _____ _____ _____ _____.
参考答案：
一.
1. A
2. 根据句意可知此题考查动词不定式的否定形式，即tell sb．not to do sth．故此题应选C。
3. A
4. 本题要考虑do you think在特殊疑问句中的用法。在含有do you think的特殊疑问句中，do you think
常位于疑问词之后，形成“疑问词（做主语或修饰主语）+do you think+谓语……？”或“疑问词（不
做主语或不修饰主语）+do you think+主语+谓语……？”的结构，也可以用“Do you know+疑问词+谓
语……？”或“Do you know+疑问词+主语+谓语……？”分别表示上述两个结构的意思，本题可改为：
Do you know when he left here? 本题选B。
5. A turn on 打开电视、收音机之类带旋钮的设备。
6. 本题考查的是交际用语。乍一看，应选A、B、D，但是且看下文It's for Mr. Brown.就不难判断，正确
答案为C，意为：你最好不要坐在这。
7. C 8. C Mary是一个人，故用yourself。 9. C 10. B well修饰play。11. A
二.
1. put out 2. behaved 3. annoyed 4. Not at all 5. put on
三.
1—5 CBAAD 6—10 CBCBA
四.
1、D 2、B 3、C 4、A 5、C
五.
1. It's，for 2. takes，to 3. catch up 4. trying，Could，turn，down
5. pay，a，big，fine
Unit 8 Why don’t you get her a scarf?
【单元目标】
Ⅰ．单词与短语
suggestion choose enter advantage receive
besides comment encourage present trendy
special album personal instead mouse
perfect company asleep progress bench
Sweden native nearly
fall asleep 入睡 give away 赠送
rather than 胜于 hear of 听说
suggest v. 提议；建议 take an interest in 对……感兴趣
make friends with 与……交友
Ⅱ．目标句型：
1. What should I get for sb…?
2. How about sth./doing sth.?
3. How do you like sth.?
4. What about sth./doing sth.?
5. Why don’t you buy/get…?
6. Why not buy/get…?
7. They’re too expensive/cheap/personal…
8. Great!/Good idea!/OK…. I’ll get/buy…
9. My best gift is…
10. It’s good for sb. to…
11. It can make sb….
Ⅲ．重点句型
1. Why don’t sb. do sth.? 2. How about结构 3. too…to结构
【重点词汇】
1. improve
作不及物动词，表示“改进，改善”
例如：
His work is improving slowly. 他的工作提高得很慢。
His health is improving.他的健康正在好转。
也可作及物动词，表示“使某物改进，改善”。
例如：
He studies harder to improve his English.他更加努力提高英语水平了。
This is not good enough. I want to improve it.这还不够好，我要加以改进。
2. remember v. 记住，记起
I can’t remember your name.我记不起你的名字。
As far as I can remember，this is the third time we’ve met.
我记得这是我们第三次会面了。
remember doing sth表示“记得做某事”；动名词doing具有完成的意义
I remember taking (having taken) the medicine at the right time.
我记得已按时服过药了。（吃过了）
remember to do sth表示“记住去做某事”；不定式to do表示未做的动作
I remember to take the medicine at the right time. 我记住要按照服药。（还没吃）
3. too…to，这个短语虽然是肯定的形式，但是表达的是否定的意思：“太…以至于（不能）…”。
如：
He is too old to work. 他太老了，不能工作了。
The box is too heavy for the little girl to carry.这箱子太重，小女孩搬不动。
如在too前面或者后面有否定词not，则整个句子表达肯定。
如：
This question is not too difficult to answer. 这道题不太难回答。
He is too clever not to see that.他很聪明，不会不懂这一点。
4. spend…on 在…上花（时间或金钱）
如：
He spends a lot of money on books. 他花许多钱买书。
I spend half an hour on my homework every day. 我每天要花费半小时做作业。
I always spend weekends with my family.我经常和我的家人一起过周末。
spend…(in) doing sth.花(时间或金钱等)做某事。
如：
The government will spend money looking after the patients.政府要花钱去照料那些病人
5. instead 代替，替代
作副词，常放在句首或句末
It’s too hot to walk，we’ll go swimming instead.太热不宜散步，我们改去游泳。
The girl stopped watching TV，she danced instead now. 那个女孩不看电视了，而去跳舞了。
He is tired，let me go instead.他累了，让我替他去吧。
instead of后跟名词、代词或动名词，表示“代替……，而不是……”。
例如：
He’ll go to Italy instead of France.他要去意大利而不去法国。
I’ll go instead of him.我将代替他去。
He played the whole afternoon instead of doing his homework.
他玩了一下午而没做作业。
6. touch 触，碰
The branches of the tree touched the water.树枝碰到了水面。
Visitors are not allowed to touch the exhibits.参观者请勿触摸展览品。
Don’t touch that pot；it’s very hot.不要摸那口锅，它很烫。
常用短语：in touch with 有联系；对某事熟悉
lose touch 失去联系，停止联系
out of touch 无联系；生疏
7. native 本地的，本族的，本国的
Chinese is our native language.汉语是我们的母语。
It’s a native fruit. 这是一种当地产的水果。
one’s native country / land 本国，祖国
native place 出生地
one’s native language 本国语，本族语
反义词：foreign 外国的；外交的；外国产的；外来的
8. increase 增加，增大，增多
Travel increases one’s knowledge of the world.旅游提高一个人对世界的认识。
He increased the size of his farm year by year.他逐年扩大他的农场规模。
The population of this town has increased by 5 percent. 这个镇的人口已经增长了5%。
常用短语： increase by 增加了……
increase to…… 增加到……
9. support 支持；继续；养活
He has a large family to support.他有一大家子人要养活。
He was supported home by the man.他被那个人扶回了家。
support 还可作名词，表示“拥护；支持”
There is strong public support for the change.公众大力支持这一变革。
10. enough 意为“充足，足够”
enough作副词，可用于修饰形容词、副词、动词等，通常置于被修饰语之后。
I don’t know him well enough to ask him for help. 我和他不够熟悉，不好请他帮忙。
This room is big enough for five of us to live in. 这房间给我们5个人住够大了。
enough还可作形容词，用于修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，置于名词前或后均可。
Do you have enough time? 你的时间够用吗？
We have money enough to buy the house.我们有足够的钱买这所房子。
11. take care of 表示“照顾，照料，爱惜”是及物的动词短语。
During the illness of their mother the children were taken care of by a neighbor.
在孩子们的母亲患病期间，他们由一位邻居照顾。
A good car should last you a long time if you take care of it.
如果你爱惜的话，一部好汽车会让你长时间使用。
She ought to take care of her health more than she does. 她该比现在更注意健康。
【重难点分析】
1. Why don’t you do sth.?
这是给别人提建议，建议某人做什么事情的句型。
如：
Why don't we come more often? 咱们为什么不经常来这里呢?'
Why don't you do it this way? 为什么不用这种方法做呢?
Why don't you have another try? 为什么不再试一次呢?
Why don’t you buy a book for your father? 给你爸爸买本书怎么样？
这个句子还可以写成Why not do…?
如：
Why not get her a camera? 为什么不给她买个相机呢？
这个句型还有发出礼貌地邀请的用法。
如：
Why don’t you have a drink of tea? 请喝茶。= Why not have a drink of tea?
2. How/What about…? 表示“……怎么样/好吗？”
这个句型是询问听话这一方对某事物的看法或者意见。about是个介词，它后面要接名词或者doing。
如：
How about his playing football? 他足球踢得怎么样？
What about swimming with us? 和我们一起游泳怎么样？
How about her English? 她的英语怎样？
3. —When did Joe get it? 乔是什么时候收到的礼物？
—On his sixth birthday. 在他6岁生日时。
(1)on one’s …… birthday 表示“在某人的……岁生日时”，要用序数词。
On his tenth birthday，his parents gave him a new bike as birthday present.
在他10岁生日那天，他的父母给他买了一辆新的自行车作为生日礼物。
(2)介词on表示“在具体的某一天或某一天的上、下午”。
We will have a party on Christmas Day.圣诞节那天，我们将要举行一个晚会。
4. Is it someone in your family? 是你家里的什么人吗?
句中it用来确指身份不明的人。
--Who is it? 是谁呀?
--It's me，Mary．是我，玛丽。
--Who is at the door? 谁在门口?
--It's the postman．是邮递员。(主语是who，身份不明，故用it指代)
Mr Smith is at the door．He wants to see you．
史密斯先生在门口，他想见你。(主语是Mr Smith，身份明确，故用he指代)
5. The movie was boring，I fell asleep half way through it.
这部电影令人厌烦。在放映了一半时我就睡着了。
(1)boring表示“令人厌烦的”，bored表示“厌烦的”
The book was boring. When he read the book，he felt bored.
这本书很令人厌烦。当他读的时候，觉得很烦。
bored在这里是过去分词作形容词用，许多动词的现在分词和过去分词均可作形容词，区别在于过去分词
有被动意味，常指“……对……感到……”，主语通常是“人”，后面多接介词；而现在分词有主动意
味，指“使人……的”，常用作表语，而主语通常是“物”。
例如：
He is interested in science.他对科学很感兴趣。
The story is very interesting.这个故事很有趣。
I was surprised at his answer.我对他的回答感到吃惊。
The result is surprising.结果使人吃惊。
(2)fall asleep意为“睡着了”，fall是连系动词，asleep是形容词，作表语。
When he was reading，he fell asleep.他看书时睡着了。
6. In the USA，some people ask their families and friends to give money to charity rather
than buying them gifts.
在美国，一些人要求他们的家人和朋友把钱捐给慈善机构而不是给他们买礼物。
(1)本句中两个to，第一个to为不定式符号，后为动词原形，第二个to作介词。
例如：
The teacher asked me to take the books to the classroom 老师让我把书拿到教室里去。
(2)rather than表示“与其……(不如……)，不是……(而是……)”是连词词组，可在两个并列的成分中选
择，也可连接两个谓语、两个表语、两个主语等。当主句有动词不定式，rather than后可接带to的动词
不定式或不带to的动词不定式，也可以用动名词形式。
例如：
Things fall to the earth rather than go up into the air．东西落到地面上而不是飞向天空。
These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty．这些鞋子谈不上漂亮但穿起来很舒服。
I rather than you，should do the work．该做这工作的是我，而不是你。
I think I’ll have a cold drink rather than milk. 我想喝冷饮，不想喝牛奶。
The color seems like yellow rather than green.这颜色看上去更像黄色而不像绿色。
7. People don’t need to spend too much money.
人们不需要花费太多的钱。
(1)need在本句中作实义动词，表示“需要”，有人称、数和时态的变化，其后常接名词、代词或动词不定
式作宾语。
Do you need any help?你需要帮助吗？（名词）
I can give you some help. Do you need it? 我可以帮助你，你需要吗？（代词）
I need to go right now.你需要现在就走。（不定式）
need表示“必须”，还可作情态动词，没有人称、数和时态的变化，接动词原形作谓语，直接加not构成
否定形式。只用在否定句和疑问句中。
例如：
I needn’t finish that work today.我今天不必把那项工作做完。
Need you go right now?你一定得现在走吗？
(2)too much意为“太多”，用于修饰不可数名词。
There is too much time left.还剩下太多的时间。
8. Later，the same gift may be given away to someone else．
后来，同样的礼品可能被赠送给别人。
该句为含有情态动词的被动语态。give away表示“赠送，捐赠”是固定的短语动词。
例如：
He has decided to give all his money away to charity.他已决定把所有的钱都捐赠给慈善机构。
I've given the books away to a library. 我已经把那些书捐赠给一家图书馆。
Her little boy had cried so heavily when they had given the dog away.
他们把狗送给别人时，她的小儿子哭得很厉害。
They are giving away free toys when you spend more than $30 in the store.
如果你在那家商店消费超过30美元，他们免费赠送玩具。
9. Twenty-four singers from across China recently competed by singing a number of popular
English songs．来自全中国的24名歌手最近通过唱若干首流行英语歌曲来比赛。
(1)句中“by+动名词”表示“通过某种方式或手段”，在句中作方式状语。
I did not think she would do any good by coming over. 我认为她过来不会有什么好处。
There is nothing to gain by waiting.等待将一无所获。
He taught himself to play the violin by practising all night.
通过整夜练习他自学拉小提琴。
(2)a number of表示“许多，大量，若干”是量词词组，其后只跟可数名词。
The parents were invited to see the program，and a number“people came，too．
父母应邀来看节目，不少人也来了。
There were a number of people out this afternoon．今天下午许多人出去了。
A number of accidents always occur on such days．在这种日子里常常有事故发生。
10. If there were new words in a song，I looked them up in the dictionary.
如果在歌曲里有生词，我就查字典。
这是一个含有条件状语从句的主从复合句。主句中look up表示“(在词典、书籍中)查找”。
按照英语习惯用法，“查字典”为look up the words in the dictionary，不说look up the
dictionary。另外，look up是“动副”结构的及物的短语动词，名词作宾语置于副词前后皆可，代词
作宾语要置于副词之前。
If you don't know the meaning of a word，look it up in a good dictionary．
如果你不知道一个词的意义，就去查一本好词典。
You can look up her telephone number in the book．
你可以在电话簿里查找她的电话号码。
Will you look up a train for me in the timetable?
你可不可以帮我在行车时刻表中查找一个列车车次?
11. As you go to your home by the ocean may you never forget those sweet hours that we spent
in the Red River Valley and the love we exchanged mid the flowers．当你通过海洋到你家时，
祝你永远不会忘记我们一起在红河谷度过的那些甜蜜时光以及我们一起在花丛中交换的爱情。
这是一个含有时间状语从句的主从复合句，主句中又含有两个定语从句。hours和love既在主句中作
forget的并列宾语，又分别是其后定语从句所修饰的先行词。在前一个定语从句中，关系代词that既引
导定语从句，又在从句中作spent的宾语；在第二个定语从句的主语we前，省略了既引导定语从句，又
在从句中作exchanged宾语的关系代词that或which。主句中may用倒装语序表示祝愿。例如：
May you succeed!祝你成功!
May you be happy!祝你幸福!
May God bless you!愿上帝保佑你!
as用作连接词表示时间关系，用来引导时间状语从句，意思也是“当……的时候”，往往可与when或
while通用，但它着重指主句和从句中的动作或事情相并发生。例如：
I saw him as he was getting off the bus．当他下公共汽车时，我看见了他。
As he walked on，he felt himself getting more and more tired.
他继续往前走的时候，感到越来越疲乏。
As the day went on，the weather got worse．随着时间的推移，天气变得更糟。
I was coming in as he was going out.我进来时他正出去。
My pen trembles as I write it.我一边写，笔一边颤抖。
Helen heard the story as she washed.海伦洗衣服的时候听到这个故事。
As I left the house I remembered the key.当我们离开房间的时候，我想起了钥匙。
【词语辨析】
1. spend，cost，take，pay表“花费”
(1)spend的主语必须是“人”，宾语可以是钱、精力、时间等。
如：
He spends much money on books．他平时将很多钱用在买书上。
He spent a lot of money（in）buying a new car．他花很多钱买了一辆新车。
(2)cost的主语必须是“物”或“事”，表示“费用”、“耗费”，后接life，money，health，time等，侧
重于“花费”的代价。
如：
The book cost him one dollar．这本书用了他一美元。
It costs you 12 pounds to go to London by ship．乘船到伦敦要用12英镑。
(3)take表示“花费”时，其主语一般是“一件事”，有时主语也可以是人，它说明事情完成“花费
了……”。
如：
It took me ten minutes to go to the post office．到邮局用用了我十分钟时间。
It takes a lot of money to buy a house as big as that． 买一座像那样的房子要花很多钱。
(4)pay的基本意思是“支付”，作为及物动词，宾语可以是“人”、“钱”，
如：
He paid the taxi and hurried to the station．他付了出租车的钱，急忙向车站赶去。
They had to pay two hundred francs．他得付一百法郎。
We'll pay you in a few days．几天后我会给你钱。
(5)pay for的宾语为“物”、“事”，for表示支付的原因。
如：
You'll have to pay me ten dollars a week for your meals． 你得每周付给我十美元饭钱。
注意：
下面两句中 pay for的意义不同。
Of course we have to pay for what we buy．当然我们买东西得付钱。
Don't worry about money；I'll pay for you．别担心钱，我会替你付的。
2. other与else两者都有“别的，其他的”的含义，但用法有区别：
(1)other是形容词，用于名词的前面；else作副词或形容词用时，常修饰不定代词或疑问代词，并置于其
后。
Some are playing football. Other students (或用代词Others) are watching.
一些学生在踢足球，其他的学生在观看。
What else can you see in the classroom? 在教室里你还能看见其他的什么东西？
(2)other与else有时可相互转换。
He is taller than any other student in his class.
= He is taller than anybody else in his class.他比班里的其他学生都要高。
What else can you see?
=What other things can you see? 你还能看见其他东西吗？
3．receive与accept两者都做“收到”讲，但具体含义有所不同。
(1)receive的意思是“接到”“收到”“受到”。它指“接”“收”的动作或事实，并不包含接收者本人是
否“接受”的意思。
I received a letter from my mother.我收到了母亲的一封信。
We received a warm welcome there.我们在那里受到了热烈的欢迎。
(2)accept的意思是“接受”“领受”“承认”“接纳”。指经过考虑，同意或愿意接受强调“收到”的结
果是“接受”了。
We received the present，but we did not accept it.我们收到了那份礼物，但没有接受它。
He accepted the invitation with pleasure.他愉快地接受了邀请。
【习题检测】
一. 单项选择
1. — May I help you? You have lots of things to carry.
— Would you mind ______ for me?
A. carrying these books
B. carry these books
C. to carry these books
D. will carry these books
2. — Will you come to the net bars(网吧)with me？
— Sorry．My mother always tells me ____ there．
A．not go B．go C．not to go D．to go
3. The old man wondered ____.
A．whether the American pilot had seen UFO B．whether had the American pilot seen UFO
C．how had the American pilot seen UFO D．that the American pilot had seen UFO
4. _________ he left here?
A. Do you think when
B. When do you think
C. Do you think how long
D. How long do you think
5. — We are going to have a picnic tomorrow. What's the weather like，Mike?
— Why not ____ the radio and listen to the weather report?
A．turn on B．turn off C．take away D．find out
6. — Do you mind if I sit here? — ______. It's for Mr. Brown.
A. Not at all B. Never mind C. Better not D. Of course not
7. — Can you write a letter in English? — No，I ____.
A．may not B．mustn't C．can't D．needn't
8.“Help ____ to some meat，Mary，”my aunt said to me.
A．themselves B．ourselves C．yourself D．himself
9. He asked ____ they needed some more tea.
A．that B．what C．whether D．which
10. Wei Fang is young，but she plays ping-pong ____ her mother.
A．as good as B．as well as C．as better as D．as best as
11. Could you ____，please? It's too loud.
A．turn down the radio B．turn on the radio C．turn on the TV D．turn it on
二. 选择正确的词组，用其正确形式填空
put on annoy put out not at all behave
1. Please ______ the light before you go to bed.
2. The boy ______ very well last night.
3. I was _____ by his bad manners.
4. — Thank you very much — _______.
5. It is quite cold here. You'd better ____ your coat.
三. 完型填空
Miss Richards was a teacher at a school for boys and girls. She 1 chemistry and physics from the lowest to the highest classes in the 2 . Sometimes the new classes 3 rapidly，but sometimes they were very 4 ，and then Miss Richard's had to 5 things many times.
One year，the first class had been studying chemistry for several 6 when Miss Richards suddenly asked，“What is water? Who knows? 7 up?”
There was silence (沉默) for a few seconds，and miss Richards felt saddened(难过)，but then one boy 8 his hand.
“Yes，Dick?”said Miss Richards encouragingly(鼓励地). He was not one of the brightest children in the class，so she was 9 that he could answer.
“Water is a liquid which has no 10 until you wash your hands in it，Miss. Then it turns black，”the boy replied with great confidence(信心).
1. A．teaches B．teaching C．taught D．teach
2. A．schooling B．school C．schools D．home
3. A．learned B．learning C．had been learned D．were learned
4. A．slow B．being slow C．slowly D．slowest
5. A．repeated B．repeating C．do D．repeat
6. A．years B．minutes C．weeks D．seconds
7. A．Put B．Hands C．Get D．Look
8. A．lows B．ride C．raised D．put
9. A．sad B．glad C．angry D．hungry
10. A．colour B．colourful C．colourless D．with colour
四. 阅读理解
We spent a day in the country and picked a lot of flowers. Our car was full of flowers inside! On the way home we had to stop at traffic lights，and there my wife saw the bookshelf.
It stood outside a furniture（家具）shop.“Buy it，”she said at once.“We’ll carry it home on the roof-rack（车顶架）. I’ve always wanted one like that.”
What could I do? Ten minutes later I was twenty dollars poorer，and the bookshelf was tied on to the roof rack. It was tall and narrow，quite heavy too.
As it was getting darker，I drove slowly. Other drivers seemed more polite than usual that evening. The police even stopped traffic to let us through. Carrying furniture was a good idea.
After a time my wife said，“There’s a long line of cars behind. Why don’t they overtake（超车）?”
Just at that time a police car did overtake. The two officers（警官）inside looked at us seriously when they went past. But then， with a kind smile they asked us to follow their car through the busy traffic. The police car stopped at our village church（教堂）. One of the officers came to me.
“Right，sir，”he said.“Do you need any more help now?”
I didn’t quite understand.“Thanks，officer，”I said.“You’ve been very kind. I live just down the road.”
He was looking at our things: first at the flowers，then at the bookshelf.“Well，well，” he said and laughed. “It’s a bookshelf you’ve got there! We thought it was——er，something else.”
My wife began to laugh. Suddenly I understood why the police drove here. I smiled at the officer. “Yes， it’s a bookshelf，but thanks again.” I drove home as fast as I could.
1．From the story we know that ________.
A．the writer was poor and didn’t buy the bookshelf for his wife
B．the writer’s wife didn’t like the bookshelf at all
C．the writer was always glad to buy something for his wife
D．the writer was not very glad to buy the bookshelf for his wife
2．What made the writer think that carrying furniture was “a good idea”?
A．He could drive slowly and it was safe.
B．Other drivers would let him go first.
C．His wife could use a new bookshelf.
D．He could save a lot of money and time.
3．Why were the police and other drivers so kind to the writer?
A．Because they thought the writer liked studying very much and needed a bookshelf.
B．Because they didn’t think it was polite to overtake a car with a bookshelf on it.
C．Because they thought somebody in the writer’s family had died and he needed help.
D．Because they thought it was dangerous to carry a bookshelf on a car.
4．Why did the writer’s wife begin to laugh?
A．Because now she knew what mistake the police had made.
B．Because at last her husband understood why the police had driven to the church.
C．Because the officer was always looking at the flowers and the bookshelf.
D．Because the police had helped them a lot.
5．When did the officers begin to realize（意识到）they had made a mistake?
A．Before they arrived at the church.
B．Before they overtook（overtake的过去式）the writer’s car.
C．After one of them looked at the flowers and the bookshelf carefully at the church.
D．After the writer’s family left the church.
五. 完成句子，每空一词
1. 不要在床上看书， 这对你的眼睛有害。
Don't read in bed. ______ bad ______ your eyes.
2. 胡先生每天花半小时吃午饭。
It ______ Mr Hu half an hour ______ have lunch every day.
3. 如果你努力一些， 你就会赶上你的同学们。
If you works harder, you'll ______ with your classmates.
4. 我正想睡觉，你能把音乐声关小吗？
I'm _______to sleep，________ you _________ the music，please?
5. 交通局想要车主付一大笔罚款。
The ministry of communications wanted the car’s owner to _____ _____ _____ _____.
参考答案：
一.
1. A
2. 根据句意可知此题考查动词不定式的否定形式，即tell sb．not to do sth．故此题应选C。
3. A
4. 本题要考虑do you think在特殊疑问句中的用法。在含有do you think的特殊疑问句中，do you think
常位于疑问词之后，形成“疑问词（做主语或修饰主语）+do you think+谓语……？”或“疑问词（不
做主语或不修饰主语）+do you think+主语+谓语……？”的结构，也可以用“Do you know+疑问词+谓
语……？”或“Do you know+疑问词+主语+谓语……？”分别表示上述两个结构的意思，本题可改为：
Do you know when he left here? 本题选B。
5. A turn on 打开电视、收音机之类带旋钮的设备。
6. 本题考查的是交际用语。乍一看，应选A、B、D，但是且看下文It's for Mr. Brown.就不难判断，正确
答案为C，意为：你最好不要坐在这。
7. C 8. C Mary是一个人，故用yourself。 9. C 10. B well修饰play。11. A
二.
1. put out 2. behaved 3. annoyed 4. Not at all 5. put on
三.
1—5 CBAAD 6—10 CBCBA
四.
1、D 2、B 3、C 4、A 5、C
五.
1. It's，for 2. takes，to 3. catch up 4. trying，Could，turn，down
5. pay，a，big，fine【习题检测】
一. 单项选择。
1. The dictionary __________ me $20.
A. paid B. spent C. took D. cost
2. Mr. Lee was _______ tired that he couldn't keep his eyes _________.
A. too，open B. so，closed C. too，closed D. so，open
3. --May I go now? --No. You _____ let the teacher know first.
A. need B. must C. can D. may
4. Mr. Smith ________ an hour on this work.
A. spent B. took C. used D. paid
5. --I called you at about half past eight last night，but nobody answered.
--Oh，I ____ in my office at that time.
A. will work B. was working C. worked D. had worked
6. --Why not come and join us in the game?
--____. But I must go to meet Mr Smith at the airport.
A. I'd like to B. Let's go C. Yes，please D. It's a pleasure
7. --Would you like some tea? --Yes. Just ____.
A. little B. a little C. few D. a few
8. The teacher tells the students ____ in class.
A. don't make faces B. not make faces C. not to make faces
D. to not make faces
9. --I have finished my homework. --When ____ you ____ it?
A. have；finished B. do；finish C. will；finish D. did；finish
10. What ____ good idea it is!
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
二. 根据下列各句的意思和汉语或首字母提示，写出该单词。
1. Mr Li told his little son to answer teachers' questions ____(有礼貌).
2. It's ____(危险) to swim alone in the river.
3. --I want to report a traffic ____(事故).
--Yes，go ahead.
4. --I thought I'd buy James a new bike for his birthday.
--That's a ____(精彩) idea.
5. Harbin is in the ____(东北) of China.
6. Susan couldn't catch up with her classmates w____ your help.
7. When they h____ to the cinema，the film had been on for half an hour.
8. She sat at the desk and smiled q____ at me.
三. 根据所给的词写句子。
1. enjoyed I class this year really Ms Martinez's
________________________________________________________.
2. Anna's next birthday week It's
________________________________________________________.
3. don't her soccer ball why get you a
________________________________________________________?
4. gift countries different is different in giving
________________________________________________________.
5. will the China be for host Olympics the 2008
________________________________________________________.
四. 阅读理解。
(A)
1. How long does the art show last?
A. One day. B. Two days. C. Three days. D. Four days.
2. The students have the school meeting ____ in May.
A. four times B. three times C. twice D. once
3. We can see that the students will have exams from _____ to__________.
A. May 1…May 5 B. May 10…12 C. May 22…May 27 D. May 8…May 11
4. From the above chart(图表) we can see that there are two ____ groups in this school.
A. sports B. art C. science D. language
(B)
For many of us，the idea of a family is a lot narrower than it used to be. Today children go away to college，and take up jobs wherever chances seem greatest. So instead of growing up in a family with grandparents，aunts，uncles and cousins，many of us are truly connected only to our parents and brothers.
Many kids today know little of the lives of their relatives and don't care deeply about them.
Whether we realize it or not，this feeling of being disconnected makes people feel a kind of lonely. “People need to feel connected，”says Joy Browne，a doctor in the U.S. “And they will do it in the easiest ways.”When family members aren't connected，what could be easier than forming(形成) a connection to famous people?
This isn't something unusual，of course. People cried when Mei Yanfang died in 2003. It's natural and in most ways harmless to feel that way. But that's unhealthy，because these relationships(关系) aren't two-way.
For that，we need to stay connected to our own families. Parents can help by telling their children stories about their grandparents，aunts and cousins，and by telling them the children's latest activities and interests.
We can use technology to keep connected with each other. It's easy to send e-mails to granddad Better yet，take a vacation with members of your relatives--not with any other person. A week or so of relaxing vacation can be a great way to tie up family ties. And when a bad thing happens，no one can be as helpful as your relatives. Because no matter how much we cry for the famous people，they can't be there to cry for us.
5. Which of the following does the writer seem to tell us?
A. People should love famous people better than they love their relatives.
B. We should always take vacations with our own family members.
C. The idea of a family should stay the same.
D. The feeling of love should be two-way.
6. The writer talks about technology here to _______.
A. tell us the way to improve family relationship
B. encourage us to tell others what is happening
C. let us know something new about science
D. teach us how to send an e-mail
7. The reason why people feel lonely is that ___________.
A. the famous people don't cry for them
B. people want better jobs and good schooling
C. people aren't as closely connected as before
D. kids today know little about their relatives
8. What does the writer write this passage for?
A. To keep families from breaking.
B. To tell us to care more about each other.
C. To be as helpful as we can.
D. To advise families to keep closely connected.
五. 完型填空。
Bob is 1 American boy. He studies in a high school in Washington. He is fourteen years old and he is in Grade 8 now.
Bob was born 2 1991 in New York. He started school at the age of six. He studied in a primary school in New York for six years 3 he moved to Washington 4 his family. He
5 in this high school for about two years. Bob’s favourite subject is biology and he is
6 in Chinese herbs. He wishes 7 to China 8 Chinese medicine 9 he finished high school. He wants to 10 a doctor of Chinese medicine.
1. A. a B. an C. the D. \
2. A. in B. on C. at D. for
3. A. after B. when C. before D. until
4. A. and B. or C. but D. with
5. A. studies B. studied C. has studied D. is studying
6. A. interested B. interesting C. interest D. interests
7. A. come B. to come C. coming D. comes
8. A. study B. studying C. studies D. to study
9. A. when B. after C. before D. until
10. A. is B. be C. becomes D. are
答 案
一. 单项选择。
1. D cost侧重花费的代价。
2. D 根据题意应是太累了，睁不开眼睛，选B，C不合题意，选A不符合so+形容词/副词+that+从句的句
型。
3. B
4. A spend...on sth. 在某物上花费时间、金钱。
5. B “昨晚八点”是过去的具体时刻，那一时刻“我正在办公室工作”，所以用过去进行时。A，C与D三
项均不合题意，所以选B正确。
6. A
7. B tea为不可数名词。
8. C tell sb (not) to do sth.
9. D
10. A
二. 根据下列各句的意思和汉语或首字母提示，写出该单词。
1. politely 2. dangerous 3. accident 4. wonderful 5. northeast
6. without 7. hurried 8. quietly
三. 根据所给的词写句子。
1. I really enjoyed Ms Martinez's class this year.
2. It's Anna's birthday next week.
3. Why don't you get her a soccer ball?
4. Gift giving is different in different countries.
5. China will be the host for the 2008 Olympics.
四. 阅读理解。
1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. D
五. 完型填空。
1－10 BACDC ABDBB
