现在分词短语/过去分词短语，+主句:理解为其作状语，在意义上相当于状语从句。
从属连词+现在分词/过去分词短语，主句:理解为状语从句的省略。
或者都可以理解为状语从句的省略，连词要不要都行。
分词做状语应注意其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致。
做状语可以直接理解为相当于缩略的状语从句
也就是状语从句可以缩略成分词短语。
Punished=If they are punished, they will not cooperate.
Allowed unusual privileges=Since/After he was allowed unusual privileges, the prisoner seemed to enjoy his captivity.
1.分为两种情况，可以带从属连词也可以不带从属连词。
Going downtown, I met a friend.
=While I was going downtown, I met a friend.
Working hard=If you work hard, you will succeed.
2.不管带不带从属连词，过分短语和现分短语作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是主句的主语。看分词和主语的关系，主动用现分，被动用过分。
3.带从属连词也可以看作是状语从句的省略。比如，可以看作主句和从句的主语一致，于是省略从句中的主语。
1.省略从句中的主语和be的某种形式；
While( I was) waiting, I was reading some old magazines.
If( it is ) carefully done, the experiment will be successful.
2. 也可作其他解释,即不存在省略be的问题了，只省略主语。
The old lady was looking well although living alone.
这个状语从句可以解释为省略了主语和be, altbough she was living alone. 也可以解释为although she lived alone.
3.如果句子中不存在be，那就把从句中的动词改成现在分词短语。加ing。
看和主语的关系是主动还是被动来决定用什么分词。
4.当伴随状语和主句主语构成被动关系，则用过去分词，主动关系用现在分词。
5.一些例子:
When sleeping, I never hear a thing.
Sleeping, I never hear a thing.
He wrote his greatest novel while working as an ordinary seaman.
=Working as an ordinary seaman, he...
Though understanding no Greek, Charles was able to communicate
Understanding no Greek, Charles was ...
现在分词短语作时间状语
Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a magnificent view.
While flying over the channel, he saw a ship sinking.
作原因状语:表示原因，通常不带从属连词。
Being a hardworking young man, he is praised for by all his fellow workers.
Having worked hard all day, I was ready for bed by eight o'clock.
现在分词发生在谓语动词之前，用having done的形式，是现在分词的完成体。
做条件状语
Working hard, you will succeed.
结果状语
It rained heavily, thus causing severe flooding in that area.
He ran up to her, breathing heavily.
The old man was fast asleep, holding a book in his hand.
不管结果状语的逻辑主语是什么，主动用现在分词就对了。
Covered with confusion, she hurriedly left the room.
Deeply moved, he thanked her again and again.
Absorbed in his work, Jim neglected food and sleep.
另一类表示状态只能用过去分词的结构是及物动词的过去分词+介词。例如interested in ，pleased with ，satisfied with ，crowded with， surprised at ，devoted to，lost in ，tired of ，equipped with，filled with ，dressed in ,worried about,caught in,faced with,fed up with， used to ,accustumed to, seated (in/on)等。
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