我们在9月28日与各位分享了EHS大咖丁铁民老师提供的专业EHS资料-JSA之如何识别潜在伤害，今天与各位分享的是怎么样确定预防措施，欢迎阅读与分享，谢谢！
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After the job hazards have been clearly identified, the fourth step of the Job Safety Analysis process is to determine how to control each hazard.
在清晰的识别了工作危害因素后，工作安全分析程序的第四个步骤是确定如何控制每一个危害。
Hazards should be controlled in the safest manner possible. Always consider controls that will eliminate hazards before controls that will reduce the hazards to acceptable levels. This principle is applicable to all areas of the workplace, not just the JSA process.
风险应尽可能的以最安全的方式进行控制。始终要考虑先消除风险，然后再考虑将风险降低至可接受的水平。这个原则适用于工作场所的所有区域，而不仅仅是工作安全分析过程。
A common strategy for prioritizing hazard controls is the “Hierarchy of Hazard Control.” This strategy consists of three basic control methods: first, engineer out the hazard; second, use administrative controls; and finally, implement personal protective equipment (PPE).
一个优先危害控制的通常策略是层级风险控制。这个策略由三个基本控制方法构成：首先，工程措施消除危害；其次，使用行政控制措施；最终，使用个人安全防护装备。
The first control method, engineering controls, are functional changes in the workspace that make jobs easier or safer. Engineering controls are the preferred control method because they typically enclose, isolate or remove a hazard. Some common examples are circuit breakers, ventilation systems and guard plates over moving machine parts. However, they may not always be feasible due to the logistics or the costs involved.
第一个控制方法是工程控制，这是工作场所的功能变化，使工作任务更加容易和安全。工程控制是首选的控制方法，因为它们通常封闭、隔离或者移除一个危害。一些常见的例子如断路器、通风系统和机器运动部分的防护板。然而，工程控制措施由于涉及后勤和费用的关系并不总是可行的。
The second control method, administrative controls, change the job process or the physical conditions that create a hazard. Less hazardous or more efficient ways to perform a task, company safety policies, confined space permit systems and lockout/tagout procedures are all examples of administrative controls.
第二个控制方法是行政控制措施，改变工作过程或者产生危害的物理状态。为了使风险更小，或者更加有效的方式实施一项任务，公司安全政策、受限空间许可制度和上锁挂签程序都是行政控制措施的例子。
The third control method, personal protective equipment (PPE), is often essential for any job, but should be considered a last resort when addressing how to control hazards in the JSA process.
第三个控制方法是个人防护装备，对于任何工作任务通常是必需的，但是在工作安全分析过程中，应该做为控制危害的最后一道防线。
PPE is often utilized when engineering or administrative controls cannot be implemented, or do not adequately reduce hazards. PPE can also provide a good temporary solution while other controls are being implemented, or when it is not practical to introduce more substantial controls.
当工程和行政控制措施不能实施，或者不能有效的降低危害时，通常利用个人安全防护装备。当其他控制措施已经实施，或者当引入更加实际的控制措施不现实时，个人防护装备同样提供一个良好的临时解决方案。
Once adequate hazard control methods are devised, the JSA must be reviewed and approved before work can begin
一旦设计了合适的风险控制方法，工作安全分析应该在工作开始前被回顾和批准。
In listing the preventive measures, do not use general statements such as "be careful" or "use caution". Specific statements which describe both what action is to be taken and how it is to be performed are preferable.
在列举预防措施时，不要使用笼统的陈述，比如小心、注意。特定陈述涉及两个方面的描述，采取什么行动，如何执行是更好的。有些说法太笼统(例):
Strictly obey related safety regulations
严格遵守相关的安全规则。
Use proper PPE
使用适当的个人防护装备
Use good quality tools
使用质量良好的工具
Correctly install the valve
正确安装阀门
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