Lesson 36

【劲词天天学】

近日新闻：

昨天是3月21日——“世界睡眠日”。今年世界睡眠日的主题是“良好睡眠，健康成长”。作为都市人,要做到早睡早起似乎真的不太容易。晚上不睡、早上不起,是大多数年轻人的习惯;早起上班、深夜加班,是许多职场人的无奈;白天犯困、晚上睡不着,是众多老年人的现状。睡眠不足,已经成为都市人躲不开的“通病”。从今天开始，让我们重新把睡眠重视起来，还自己一个好睡眠！

今天我们就来学学跟睡眠有关的词组：

1.Take a nap ：打个盹    2. Doze off：打瞌睡
3.Snore： 打鼾，打呼      4.Snooze ：小睡，尤其指白天的打盹

有关Sleep的用法：
1. Sleep something off 靠睡觉来消除疲劳、负面的情绪、醉酒的状态等。
Go home and sleep it off. 回家睡一觉，恢复一下身体吧！

2. Sleep in 睡懒觉
She usually sleeps in on Sundays. 她星期天通常睡懒觉。

3. Sleep through 不被（闹声或混乱）吵醒，睡觉时不受噪音的影响
I’m afraid I slept through the alarm. 恐怕闹钟没有把我吵醒。

4. Sleep-walker 梦游者

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Today Topic: 和教授讨论学习计划
Today Vocabulary : semester 学期
Hosts: Raymond and Maxwell (韦博上海虹口四川北路中心)
 
ERRY:Have you decided what you are going to take next semester?
特里：你决定下学期上什么课了吗?
 
LISA:Well, I'm an English major, you know. So I came here to make sure I'm taking the right things.
利萨：我现在是英语专业。所以我来这里来确认自己选的课符不符合要求。
 
TERRY:Good. I think it's a good idea. Our department should require meetings like this.
特里：恩，我觉得这是一个好主意。我们系应该多一些这样的会面。
 
LISA:I want to finish my degree in four years. So I don't want to forget to take classes I need.  I have a friend who has to stay in college another year. She didn't know until recently：there were some classes she needed to take to graduate. She didn't know about them.
利萨：我想在四年里面完成学业。所以我不想漏掉那些我需要上的课。我有一个朋友，必须在大学里多待一年。她直到最近才知道。她还有一些课程要去上才能毕业。她过去都不知道这事。
 
TERRY:Yes, that happens.
特里：是的，这种情况是有的。
 
LISA:I brought my transcript（学生成绩报告单） from my first year. Here. And here is the list of courses I plan to take in the fall.
利萨：我带来了我第一年的成绩单，给你。这是我准备在秋季要选的课程。
 
TERRY:Alright. Good. I see you've already taken six credits of your breadth requirements. You have one botany(n.植物学)class and one chemistry class. And political science. So that's nine credits. Did you take English Composition 201?
特里：好的。很好。我看到你已经获得了注册课程要求之外的6个学分。你上了一节植物学课和一节化学课。还有政治学。所以一共是9个学分。你有上过英语作文中级课吗？
 
LISA:No, I don't need to. I took Advanced Placement English in high school. So I'm not required to take composition.
利萨：不，我不必上。我在高中时后上过AP英语课。所以我无须再上作文课。
 
TERRY: Excellent. I see you have the 18th century poetry class for next semester.  And the modern novel class. You haven't taken a Shakespeare class yet.
特里：很好。我看到你下学期有选18世界诗歌这门课。还有现代小说课程。你还没有选莎士比亚的课。
 
LISA:No, I thought I would take it later.
利萨：没有，我想在之后去选。
 
TERRY:Actually, I recommend you take Shakespeare sooner rather than later.
特里：事实上，我推荐你尽快去选莎士比亚课。
 
Let’s go over some phrases now.让我们一起来回顾一下有用的短语吧！

breadth requirements 美国大学中要求学生注册的专业课以外的课程
Advanced Placement Course  AP课程是大学先修课程和预修课程，即在高中修读大学一年级课程。
 
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增强脑力的7个方法

Have you ever noticed that some people are able to effortlessly（adv.不费力气地） remember even the most mundane details, and quickly comprehend new things, and wished that you too could be like that? Well, you can. To unlock the full potential（n.潜能，潜力） of your brain, you need to keep it active and acute. Wasting away on your couch watching mindless television shows is not going to help. Besides getting out flashcards（n.教学用的抽用卡）, what can you do to help remember things better and learn new things more quickly? 

有些人记忆力很强，哪怕是琐碎的小事情，容易理解新的事物，你是否也能像他们一样呢？开发你的大脑潜能，你需要保持大脑活跃和敏捷。浪费时间看冗长的电视剧是没有用的。除开用抽认卡的方式，你还能有什么方法记忆和认识新的事物呢？

Check out these tips:

下面就是一些方法：

1. Exercise & get your body moving – exercising doesn’t just exercise the body, it also helps to exercise your brain.  Obesity（n.肥大，肥胖） and the myriad of diseases that eventually set in as a result of being overweight can cause serious harm to the brain. Furthermore, without regular exercise plaque starts to build up in your arteries（n.动脉） and your blood vessels begin to lose the ability to effectively pump blood. Plaque buildup leads to heart attacks, but it also reduces the amount of oxygen and nutrients that your blood carries to your brain. When the nutrients don’t make it there, the brain’s ability to function is compromised. To prevent this from happening, make sure you get moving every day, even if its just a brisk（adj.轻快的） walk, it’ll help you maintain and increase your mental accuity. Brisk walking , swimming and dancing are all excellent activities.

【身体运动训练】运动不仅仅是锻炼身体，而且可以锻炼大脑，肥胖和疾病导致的体重超标非常损伤大脑。而且，没有常规的训练，血斑阻塞动脉和血管，导致其供血性能将会降低。血斑最终会导致心脏病，同时也会减少大脑的养分和氧气。当缺乏养分的时候，大脑就不能正常工作了。为了避免这些，保证你每天的运动练习，仅仅是走走，也会有好处。快跑，游泳和跳舞都是非常好的运动练习。　　

2. Eliminate（v.排除） stressors（n.紧张性刺激） and seek help for depression (if you have it). Anything that causes you major stress, like anger or anxiety, will in time begin to eat away at the parts of your brain that are responsible for memory. Amongst the most brain-damaging stressors is depression, which is actually often misdiagnosed（v.误诊） a a memory problem since one of its primary symptoms is the inability（n.无能，无力） to concentrate. If you can’t concentrate, then you might feel like you are constantly forgetting things. Depression increases the levels of cortisol in your bloodstream（n.血流）, which elevates the cortisol levels in the brain. Doctors have found that increased cortisol diminishes certain areas of the brain, especially the hippocampus, which is where short-term memories are stored. Prolonged（adj.延长的，拖延的） depression can thus destroy your brain’s ability to remember anything new.  Seek professional help to combat your depression – your brain will thank you.

【减少压力，压抑】想愤怒和焦躁这些压抑的情绪，将会占领你大脑司管记忆的部分。压抑是一种压抑大脑的情绪，导致注意力不能集中，而且通常被误诊为记忆的问题。如果你不能集中注意力，你将会经常忘记事情。消极增加了血液中醇的含量，将会提升大脑中醇的含量。医生发现醇将会降低部分大脑的功能，特别是海马区，司管短期记忆的地方。长期的压抑将会损害你的大脑，不会记住任何新鲜的事情，所以请人消除你的压抑情绪，你的大脑会感谢你的。

3. Write it down. If there’s something you want to remember, writing it down can help. Writing it down creates oxygenated blood flow to areas of your brain that a responsible for your memories and literally exercises those parts of it. You can start a journal, write yourself e-mails, or even start keeping a blog – all of these activities will help to improve your capacity to remember and memorize information.

【写下来】如果你需要记住一件事情，写下来。写下来将会产生带氧的血流将会增进你的记忆。你可以写日记，或者给自己写Email，或者写博客--所有这些将会帮助你记住信息。

4.Listen to music. Research shows that certain types of music are very helpful in recalling memories. Information that is learned while listening to a particular song or collection can often be recalled by thinking of the song or “playing” it mentally. Songs and music can serve as cues（n.暗示） for pulling up particular memories.

【听听音乐】 研究表明，特定的音乐对于记忆很有帮助，在听音乐过程中记住的内容容易在回想音乐的时候被回想起来。歌曲和音乐可以当作你回忆的线索。

5.Feed your brain. 50 to 60 percent of the brain’s overall weight is pure fat, which is used to insulate its billions of nerve cells. The better insulated a cell is, the faster it can send messages and the quicker you will be thinking. This is precisely why parents are advised to feed their young children whole milk and to restrict dieting – their brains’ need fat to grow and work properly.  Skimping on fats can be devastating even to the adult brain. Thus（adv.所以）, eating foods that contain a healthy mix of fats is vital for long-term memory. Some excellent food choices include fish (especially anchovies, mackerel and wild salmon) and dark leafy green vegetables.  Deep-fried foods obviously contain fat, but their lack of nutritional value is going to help your brain or your body, so think healthy foods and fats.

【补补你的大脑】大脑的%50-60%都是脂肪，这些使神经细胞隔离开来，神经细胞隔离得好，工作得更快。家长为什么只喂小孩奶而不吃其他东西就是因为他们的脑脂肪需要快速成长。对成人大脑来说，脂肪也很重要。吃富含脂肪的事物对长期记忆非常有用。这些食物有：鱼（特别是沙丁鱼，大鱼和野生鲑鱼），还有那些墨绿色的蔬菜。煎过的食物明显含有脂肪，但是缺乏大脑和身体需要的营养，所以不行。

6.Visual concepts. In order to remember things, many people need to visualize（v.视觉化，形象化） the information they are studying. Pay attention to photographers, charts（n.图表） and other graphics that might appear in your textbook, or if you’re not studying a book, try to pull up a mental image of what it is you are trying to remember. It might also help to draw your own charts or figures, or utilize（v.利用） colors and highlighters to group related ideas in your notes.

【可视化】为了记住东西，很多人将学到的东西可视化。注意书中哪些图片，图表和插图，就算你没有看这本书，你也记住了一些画面。在做笔记的时候，自己也可以画画图，用些颜色和高亮来分类和记住一些想法。

7.Teach someone else. Reading material out loud has been shown to significantly（adv.显著地） improve memory of the material. Expanding further upon this idea is the fact that psychologists（n.心理学者） and educators have found that by having students teach new concepts to others, it helps to enhance understanding and recall. Teach new concepts and information to a friend or study partner, and you’ll find you remember the information a lot better.

【教教别人】将阅读的内容读出来将会大大提高记忆能力，心理学家和教育学家发现，当学生给其他人教新的概念的时候，自己也会加强理解和记忆。像朋友或同学教新的概念和信息，你将会发现自己记得更牢。

What are some tips or tricks you have food to increase your memory and keep your brain sharp?

你有什么其他的好的办法呢？