Turnkey模式

高科技企业的Turnkey模式

传统Turnkey模式，是一个“交钥匙”的“工程项目模式”，是指向客户提供的总体解决方案（Total Solution）。形象的说法就是：客户不参与总体解决方案的实施过程，只是在工程完工后进行验收，后拿着“钥匙”打开机房门就可以进行设备运营。

与传统Turnkey模式不同，在高科技行业中的Turnkey模式本质上则把市场、营销，甚至应用，交给了二次开发商，自己专注技术研发并获利的同时，照顾了下游厂商的利益，形成了一条共赢的产业链。特别适合有一定技术门槛的高科技企业封装推广自己的核心技术。

我们接触最多的案例莫过于手机行业台湾联发科技多媒体芯片提供商（MTK）的手机解决方案，将手机芯片、软件平台等捆绑发售，提供一站式手机开发解决方案，造就了山寨机的红火。最近高通高价买下Atheros，也被认为是打算提供一套智能手机芯片的解决方案。

高科技行业中Turnkey模式的优势在于降低行业入门者的门槛，让各自专注于自己擅长的领域，较快的繁荣一个行业，实现共赢；风险也较为分散。其缺点在于，一旦形成垄断，则有能力阻碍和左右整个行业的发展，后来者突破有难度。

这里和郎咸平提到传统制造业“6+1”产业链的利益分配可能恰恰相反，高科技企业一旦整合了6,门槛就相当高，随时左右1；也许这就是高科技制造业与普通制造业的重要区别之一。

Wikipedia:

Turn-key refers to something that is ready for immediate use, generally used in the sale or supply of goods or services. Turnkey is often used to describe a home built on the developers land with the developers financing ready for the customer to move in. If a contractor builds a "turnkey home" they frame the structure and finish the interior. Everything is completed down to the cabinets and carpet. "Turnkey" is commonly used in the construction industry, for instance, in which it refers to the bundling of materials and labor by sub-contractors. 'Turnkey' is also commonly used in motorsports to describe a car being sold with drivetrain (engine, transmission, etc.) to contrast with a vehicle sold without one so that other components may be re-used.

Similarly, this term may be used to advertise the sale of an established business, including all the equipment necessary to run it, or by a business-to-business supplier providing complete packages for business start-up. An example would be the creation of a "turnkey hospital" which would be building a complete medical center with installed high-tech medical equipment.

参考：

http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/152738840

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turnkey

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