默认分类 2009-05-17 15:19:21 阅读34 评论0 字号：大中小
摘要：《红楼梦》是我国宝贵的优秀民族文化遗产，在我国乃至世界文学史上都有极其重要的地位，其中哲理深邃、典雅含蓄的成语为其增添了绚丽的异彩。本文将结合《红楼梦》中的成语翻译，从宗教信仰、道德伦理、风俗习惯、历史典故等方面来探讨《红楼梦》成语翻译中体现出的中西文化差异。
关键字：红楼梦 成语翻译 文化 差异
正文：
《红楼梦》是我国宝贵的优秀民族文化遗产，在我国乃至世界文学史上都有极其重要的地位，其中哲理深邃、典雅含蓄的成语为其增添了绚丽的异彩。这些成语经过广大人民群众在长期使用过程中的总结、提炼，成为劳动人民智慧的结晶。它们深深地根植于各自民族文化的沃土之中，自然而真实地反映其历史变迁和社会现实，具有深厚的社会文化底蕴和悠远流长的历史沉积。众所周知，文化具有鲜明的社会性、民族性和继承性,不同民族的文化必然各不相同,存在差异。这就给跨文化语言交流带来了障碍, 从而给翻译和理解带来了困难。本文将结合《红楼梦》中的成语翻译，从宗教信仰、道德伦理、风俗习惯、历史典故、经济等方面来探讨《红楼梦》成语翻译中体现出的中西文化差异。
1.婚嫁礼仪
(1)指腹为婚
（64回） “听见说,我老娘在那一家时,就把我二姨儿许给皇娘庄头张家，指腹为婚. ”
“I’ve heard Gran say that when she was carrying Aunt Er , her first husband had an agreement with a friend of his called Zhang , who was a manager on one of the Imperial Farms and whose own wife was also pregnant at the time. They agreed that if the children their wives were carrying turned out to be a boy and a girl, they should be betrothed to each other. In that way Aunt Er was engaged to the Zhang’s boy from the moment she was born.（H）
After his death Zhang Hua’s father had taken his place, and as he was a good friend of old Mrs. You’s first husband, Zhang Hua and Sec-ond Sister You had been engaged to each other before they were born.（Y）
“指腹为婚” 出 处 《魏书·王宝兴传》：“汝等将来所生，皆我之自出，可指腹为亲。”意思是双方家长将腹中胎儿结为婚姻，是中国特有的婚嫁文化。但在西方人眼里就没有这种传统文化，因此他们很难理解它的真正意义。为解决这一问题，霍克斯添加了一些注解在文中，帮助读者理解。
(2)嫁鸡随鸡,嫁狗随狗
(81回)“?你难道没听见人说‘嫁鸡随鸡,嫁狗随狗’,哪里个个都像你大姐姐做娘娘呢? ”
Surely you know the saying marry a cock and follow the cock, marry a dog and follow the dog. How can every girl be like your eldest sister, chosen as an Imperial consort? (Y)
You must know the old rhyme: When rooster crows a t break of day, all his hen folk must obey, no choice for a dog’s wife. But to make the best of a dog’s life. Not all the girls can be called to court like your elder sister, you know. (H)
“嫁鸡随鸡,嫁狗随狗”,指旧时女子婚姻无自主权,嫁什么人只得跟什么人,一切随从丈夫。这是迎春嫁孙家后,惨遭丈夫虐待,宝玉气愤不过,要将迎春接回娘家时王夫人对他所说的一句话。杨译本直接使用了cock和dog,做到了内容和形式上的对等,既能为英语读者所接受,又忠实于原作,表达出了中国传统婚嫁文化。而正是由于中西文化的差异，霍译文添加了一些说明，弥补文化的空缺。
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