代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。一、人称代词是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、"我们"、"你们"、"他们"的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表:数 单数 复数格 主格 宾格 主格 宾格第一人称 I me we us第二人称 you you you youhe him they them第三人称 she her they themit it they them如:Heismyfriend. 他是我的朋友。It’sme. 是我。二、物主代词表示所有关系的代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种，其人物和数的变化见下表。数 单数 复数人称 第一 第二 第三 第一 第二 第三人称人称 人称 人称 人称 人称形容词性 my your his/her itsouryour/their物主代词名词性 mineyourshis/hersitsoursyours/theirs物主代词如:Ilikehiscar.我喜欢他的小汽车。Ourschoolishere，andtheirsisthere.我们的学校在这儿，他们的在那儿。三、指示代词表示"那个"、"这个"、"这些"、"那些"等指示概念的代词。指示代词有this，that，these，those等。如:Thatisagoodidea. 那是个好主意。四、表示"我自己"、"你自己"、"他自己"、"我们自己"、"你们自己"和"他们自己"等的代词，叫做自身代词，也称为"反身代词"。如:Shewastalkingtoherself. 她自言自语。五、表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词，有eachother和oneanother两组，但在运用中，这两组词没什么区别。如:Theyloveeachother. 他们彼此相爱。六、不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词有a11，both，each，every等，以及含有some-，any-，no-等的合成代词，如anybody，something，noone。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语， 但none和由some，any，no等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语;every和no只能作定语。如:---Doyouhaveacar? --你有一辆小汽车吗?---Yes，Ihaveone. --是的，我有一辆。---Idon’tknowanyofthem. 他们，我一个也不认识。七、疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词都可用作连接代词，引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句)如:Tellmewhoheis. 告诉我他是谁。八、关系代词有who，whom，whose，that，which，as等，可用作引导从句的关联词。它们在定语从句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语等;另一方面它们又代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词(通称为先行词)。如:Heisthemanwhomyouhavebeenlookingfor. 他就是你要找的那个人.===============================代词的用法几类代词的相应形式:人称代词物主代词反身代词主格宾格形容词性名词性单数II 我me我my我的mine我的myself我自己IIyouyouyouryouryourselfIIIhehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself复数IweusouroursourselvesIIyouyouyouryoursYourselvesIIItheythemtheirtheirsthemselves人称代词的用法:1,主格作主语或表语:She and Tom are good friends.It's she who wants it.2. 宾格作及物动词和介词的宾语,还可作表语.Aunt Li took care of us.Who is knocking at the door It's me.物主代词的用法:形容词性物主代词只能做定语,修饰名词,相当于形容词.My mother is a nurse in a hospital.Their teacher is coming here.名词性物主代词可以做主语,宾语和表语,相当于名词.This is my pen, yours is lost.(yours=your pen)The best composition is hers. (hers= her composition)I can't find my ruler, I have to use hers. (hers = her ruler)反身代词的用法:反身代词表示主语发生的动作落在主语自己身上,或用来加强名词或代词的语气.作主语:I hope he didn't hurt herself. She taught herself English.同位语: You yourself said so. You can do it yourself.常与以下动词连用:hurt, dress, enjoy, say to, talk to, teach, wash, help还可以与介词连用:by oneself [自己(不需要别人帮忙)] for oneself (替自己,为自己)to oneself(供自己用)不定代词及用法:(一)可分为普 通不定代词,个体不定代词和数量不定代词:通不定代词:some, any, no, somebody, nobody, anybody, someone, anyone, no one, something, anything, nothing, one个体不定代词:all, every, each, other, another, either, neither, both, everybody, everyone, everything数量不定代词:many, much, few, a few, little, a little, a lot of, lots of(二) 普通不定代词的用法(部分):some一般用于肯定句, 当预期对方作肯定回答时也用于疑问句:Could you please give me some information about ir还用于表示要求和提供某物的句子:Would you like some tea2. any 的用法: (1)用于否定句及含有否定意义词(hardly, never, no)的句子中:I have hardly any time.(2)用于疑问句中和条件句中: Do you see any birds in the tree(3) some, any, no, 与 one, thing, body 构成的合成词的用法:这些代词都表示单数的概念,some, any与one, thing, body构成的合成词的区别与和的用法基本相同.There is someone looking for you outside.If you want anything, call me, please.这些代词如被定语修饰, 应放在定语前,如被else修饰,也放在else前:Is there anything new in the newspaperI'm afraid I can't help you, you'd better ask someone else.3. other, another 的用法:两者均可指人,也可指物,other 意为 "另外",不确指,需要确指时前加定冠词the, the other,,意为 another"另一个":other: (1)后跟名词(单,复),泛指 "别的,其他的"The Great Wall is longer than any other wall in the world.I'll go swimming with other friends tomorrow.the other后跟名词单或数,或后不跟名词, 特指两者中的另一个:At last we got the other side of the river.Thirty are girls and the other students are boys in our class.I have two pens, one is blue and the other is red.(3) others 后不加名词,泛指另外一些别的人或事物;the others 特指其余所有的人或事物:Some of us like playing table-tennis, and others like playing basketball.Thirty in our class are girls, and the others are boys.(4) 泛指三者以上的 "一些"不用加the, 用 "some…. others"的形式:Some people like it, others not.another:泛指另一个,不与the连用,只能跟可数名词单数:I don't like this one, will you please show me anotherWe asked him to sing us another song.4.both, either, neither的用法:他们均用于两者之间,neither, either用做单数,both用做复数,both:肯定句中表示"两者都",用于否定句中表示 "两者不都",即部分否定:Both of the sisters are good at English.]Not both of them are good at English.(One is good at English, the other isn't.)I don't know both his brothers. (I only know one of them.)Both,,,and,,,, 连接两个主语时谓语动词用复数:Both my bothers and I are teachers.(2) neither: 表示"两个都不", either表示"两个中的任何一个", neither是 either的否定形式,两者均表示单数形式,做主语时谓语动词用单数形式:Either you or he is right.Neither he nor you is right.neither是both的反义词,做形容词时与单数名词连用,不用the:Neither pen writes good.= Neither of the pens writes good.Neither…nor…, either…or….Eihter you or I am right.Nether you nor I am right.=Both you and I are right.5. (a) little, much, (a) few, many 的用法:little "很少"表否定, a little "少许"表肯定, much= not a little:I know little about him. 我不了解他.I know much about him. 我对他很了解.There is little to be done, is thereThere is a little to be done, isn't there在对不可数名词提问时要用how much:I spent a lot of money on books. How much did you spend on booksas little as "尽可能少的" as much as " 尽可能多的" as… as…结构中不用 a littleFew 表示 "很少" 表否定含义, a few "有一些"表肯定含义, many= not a few ""许多,不少, 这三个词用于修饰可数名词:Few of us understand our teacher.A few of us understand our teacher.His book has few readers, does itHis book has a few readers, doesn't itas few as "尽可能少" as many as "和……一样多" as…as…. 结构中不用a few