非洲的教训.mp3 来自PragerU字幕组 00:00 06:00
本片由人文学会赞助译制
翻译：Mangosteen | 校对：FungChuh
Today, more than half the world's poorest people live in sub-Saharan Africa.
如今，世界上最贫穷的人超过半数生活在撒哈拉以南非洲。
Why? Why is it that most of Africa stays poor, while other parts of the world prosper? People have lots of theories.
为什么？为什么非洲多数国家仍然贫穷，而世界上的其他地方繁荣发展？人人们各有各的理论。
Clean water is simply hard to find.
干净水实在太难找到了。
The present day problems of the African continent are tied to its colonial history.
非洲大陆现在的问题与其殖民历史息息相关。
But I say Magatte Wade's explanation makes the most sense. African governments simply have too many rules.
但我说玛格特·韦德的解释最有道理。非洲政府的规章太多了。
Once you hire someone good luck getting rid of them for any reason.
你一旦聘用到某人，无论基于什么理由想解雇他，只能祝你好运了。
Then there's taxes.
接着还有税。
The tax code is so complicated. Some people say it's worth at least two or three truckloads of paper.
税法太复杂了。有些人说它至少有两三辆卡车的纸那么多。
Wade started this lip balm company in Senegal. Some ingredients she needs are not made there, so she imports them, but the government makes that expensive.
韦德在赛内加尔经营这家润唇膏公司。本地不出产她需要的部分材料，于是她进口，但政府使其昂贵起来。
Some of them have a 70 percent import tariff on them.
部分材料进口关税高达 70%。
So it almost doubles the prices.
价格接近翻倍了。
Exactly.
没错。
Many people, then escape the tax by paying bribes.
许多人借贿赂逃税。
We hear about African corruption.
我们都听过非洲的腐败。
People complain about corruption as if corruption is a root problem I say no — Corruption is also a natural consequence of stupid senseless idiot laws.
人们抱怨腐败，好像腐败是根源问题似的，我说不——腐败也是愚蠢白痴至极的法律的自然后果。
There'd be just as much corruption in America if we had these rules?
假如我们美国也有这些规章，也会发生这些多腐败？
Absolutely. The only way to fix corruption is to simplify.
绝对如此。根治腐败的唯一途径是简化。
Wade's business survived because she was fortunate to find a helpful bureaucrat.
韦德的生意生存了下来，因为她很幸运，找到一位愿意帮忙的官员。
I went to see the Head of Customs and we started looking together.
我去见了海关的头头然后我们开始一起翻看。
He didn't demand a bribe.
他没有要求贿赂。
We found a clause in one of the binders saying actually if you're exporting at least 80 percent of your products and if you've been in business for two years then you can ask for an exemption.
我们在某个活页夹中找到一个条款，说实际上假如你的产品有 80% 以上用于出口，且你公司已运作两年，就可以申请豁免。
You survive through a loophole but that takes connections and time.
你能通过漏洞生存下来，但这需要关系与时间。
Exactly. Exactly.
没错。没错。
I imagine the leaders of these countries mostly mean well. They see how damaging this is. Why do they impose all these rules?
我设想这些国家的领导大多数是好心的。他们也看到这有多大的伤害。为什么他们还推行这些规章？
I am not so sure all of them get it. Look at the UN Sustainable Development Goals.
我不确定他们都了解。看看联合国的可持续发展目标。
The UN's development goals includes things like 'Inclusive and equitable education, climate change, and gender equality.'
联合国的发展目标包括有「包容公平的教育、气候变化与性别平等」。
There is no mention of rules that kill business.
一点儿都没有提及扼杀商业的规章。
We have chains around our necks. No one is seeing it. And then they want to come talk to me about inequality. We need greater economic freedom.
我们脖子上缠绕着枷锁。没有人看到它。然后他们还想跟我谈不平等。我们需要的是更大的经济自由。
Simple rules that everyone can understand.
人人都能理解的简单规则。
Yes. Yes. That diagnosis is known by almost no one.
是的，是的。几乎没有人知道这一诊断。
It should be known! If you just look at the rest of the world you can see what's worked and what hasn't. Wade just made this movie about that.
它应该广为人知才对！你只要看看世界上的其他地方，就能知道什么行得通什么行不通。韦德刚刚为此制作了一部电影。
Why is it that a couple decades ago you know China was at the same level as most African countries? Countries like Singapore made it. Countries like Hong Kong made it. Even a place like Dubai bare land of sand, desert sand and all of a sudden within 12, 15 years, Dubai – one of the financial centers of the world -and you're like what? What happened here? They understood if we do not work hard to make it easy for businesses to set up and be ran no businesses is going to come.
你知道为什么几十年前，中国与多数非洲国家处于同一水平？新加坡这样的国家成功了。香港这样的地方成功了。甚至处于沙漠荒土里的杜拜也成功了，突然，在 12、15 年里，杜拜——成为世界金融中心之一——你就想，怎么回事？其间发生了什么？他们明白如果我们不努力让公司更易开办和经营，没有企业会来。
But international aid organizations have a different solution.
但国际援助组织有别的解决方案。
They say the nations of the world need to send more help.
他们说世界各国需要提供更多帮助。
Governments already send $50 billion a year to Africa. And companies promote themselves by donating.
政府们已经每年给非洲送五百亿美元。各种企业也借慈善来自我推销。
What if I start a shoe company, and every time I sold a pair of shoes, I gave a pair away. These kids'll have shoes for the rest of their life.
要是我开了一家鞋厂，每卖出一双鞋，我都捐出一双鞋。这些孩子就一辈子都有鞋子穿。
Toms shoes has donated 93 million pairs of shoes.
Toms 鞋已捐赠九千三百万双鞋子了。
Do you know that we have two hundred thirty-two hundred thirty-two shoe making small businesses each one of them hiring directly at least 15 people.
你知道吗，我们有 230…232 家制鞋小工厂，每家直接聘用至少 15 人。
In this little village.
在这个小村庄。
Yes. So when you buy your shoes in the US and pairs of shoes are being put in a container to be shipped over to my village. Shoemaker has now to close the doors because who can compete against free?
是的。所以当你在美国买了双鞋子，就有另一双鞋子被装箱运到我的村子里。鞋厂如今得关门了，因为谁竞争得过免费呢？
Toms is just trying to push their brand by making us look like we can't take care of ourselves. They come into Dakar. Tom shoes for example. And it really hurts businesses like ours that depend on that business.
Toms 为了推销他们的牌子，让我们看起来没法照顾自己似的。他们来到达喀尔。比如 Tom 鞋。这样做真的伤害到我们赖以为生的生意。
This man is still in business, but it's a struggle.
这个男人还在营业，但也是苟延残喘。
I know it came from a good place. I get it. But can you just think further down the road unless you think that we really sincerely have nothing including even shoemakers! And I think that's terrible!
我知道它出发点是好的。我明白。但你能想得长远一点吗，除非你真的以为我们甚至连鞋厂都没有！我认为这样想太糟糕了！
To give in such a way that has no end
♪如此付出没有终点~
Yet Toms Shoes two-for-one deal is popular.
然而 Toms 鞋的买一赠一交易大受欢迎。
One company started it did so well with it. With a buy one we're going to give one for free to poor people. But now you're seeing it with tampons you're seeing it with soap, you're seeing it with everything.
一间公司开了头，收获甚多。我们卖出一双，就会给穷人送一双。但现在你看到卫生棉条、肥皂，所有公司都在这么干。
It would be better, says Wade, if westerners encouraged African governments to stop strangling their own entrepreneurs.
情况会变好，韦德说，假如西方人鼓励非洲停止扼杀自己的企业家。
If I have a job then, guess what? My malnutrition problem goes poof! My even access to clean water goes poof. You know it just poof, poof, poof!
假如我有了一份工作，猜猜怎么样？我的营养不良问题噗一声消失了！甚至我获得干净水的问题也噗一声消失了。你知道，就噗，噗，噗！
But without jobs, millions risk their lives trying to get to richer countries.
但没有工作，数百万人冒着生命危险试图去更富有的国家。
Some of my most entrepreneurial people who are right now serving us fish food at the bottom of the ocean because there is not enough jobs and why there is not enough jobs? Because the business climate sucks so much that people like me can't do that work of creating companies and jobs.
我的一些极具创业家精神的朋友如今在海底喂了鱼，因为工作职位不够，为什么没有足够的职位呢？因为商业氛围太差了，导致像我这样的人无法创造企业和工作职位。
Many of those deaths would be prevented if Africa just didn't have so many dumb rules.
许多这些死亡是可以避免的，假如非洲没有那么多愚蠢的规章的话。
And that's what inequality we should talk about. No one talks about it.
这才是我们应该谈论的不平等。却完全没有人提。
An equal playing field of rules.
规则平等的竞争场地。
Yes. Yes. Let's create greater economic freedom in all countries so that all people everywhere get a chance to free enterprise.
是的，是的。让我们在所有国家创造更巨大的经济自由，这样无论何处的每一个人就有机会自由创业。
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