1 可以直接跳过，不认识也没关系，一般副词可以直接跳过
The trouble with these books is that their authors got it totally and utterly wrong.
2 结合上下文
看例子(include, such as等)
An entity, such as a baboon, is said to be altruistic if it behaves in such a way as to increase another such entity's welfare at the expense of its own.
看上下文（尤其the等，往往向前指代）
I shall argue that a predominant quality to be expected in a successful gene is ruthless selfishness. This geneselfishness will usually give rise to selfishness in individual behaviour
看反义(but , instead，and, than等)
In any case, this book is not intended as a general advocacy of Darwinism. Instead, it will explore the consequences of the evolution theory for a particular issue. My purpose is to examine the biology of selfishness and altruism.
It touches every aspect of our social lives, our loving and hating, fighting and cooperating, giving and stealing, our greed and our generosity.
看定义(is/are; be referred to as等)
More well known is the macabre cannibalism of female praying mantises. Mantises are large carnivorous insects. They normally eat smaller insects such as flies, but they will attack almost anything that moves
3 看单词本身（根据词根词缀猜测大概意思）
Zoology is still a minority subject in universities, and even those who choose to study it often make their decision without appreciating its profound philosophical significance.
（zoo-,动物.-logy,学说）
These would not be infallible deductions, but you can make some inferences about a man's character if you know something about the conditions in which he has survived and prospered
（ in-不,无,非 + -fall-欺骗,错误 + -ible形容词词尾）
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